The Armies of Asia and Europe, 1878: Embracing Official Reports on the Armies of Japan, China, India, Persia, Italy, Russia, Austria, Germany, France, ... From Japan a the Caucasus (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from The Armies of Asia and Europe, 1878: Embraci...)
Excerpt from The Armies of Asia and Europe, 1878: Embracing Official Reports on the Armies of Japan, China, India, Persia, Italy, Russia, Austria, Germany, France, and England Journey From Japan a the Caucasus
From our ministers, and consuls, in Japan, China, India, Italy, Russia, Austria, France, and England, we received great kindness and every assistance necessary to complete our mis sion.
I have already reported that through the action of our lega tion at Berlin my comrades and myself were excluded from the German manoeuvres, and that, as a consequence, we were pre vented from witnessing the practical application of modern tactics in the army in which they have found their widest development.
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Epitome Of Uptons Military Policy Of The United States (1916)
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A New System of Infantry Tactics, Double and Single Rank, Adapted to American Topography and Improved Fire-Arms
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Infantry Tactics, Double and Single Rank: Adapted to American Topography and Improved Fire-Arms (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from Infantry Tactics, Double and Single Rank: Ad...)
Excerpt from Infantry Tactics, Double and Single Rank: Adapted to American Topography and Improved Fire-Arms
Within the present year our Artillery has been required to serve as Mounted Artillery, Cavalry, and Infantry; the Cavalry, from the nature of the arm, serves equally mounted and on foot; while the Infantry is frequently called upon to serve as Artillery.
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The Military Policy of the United States (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from The Military Policy of the United States
In...)
Excerpt from The Military Policy of the United States
In preparing General Upton's manuscript for publication the editors have found it necessary to eliminate certain portions extraneous to the author's subject as well as the numerous repetitions which an unrevised manuscript is almost certain to contain. It is particularly unfortunate that the author's untimely death in the midst of his literary work should have prevented the completion of his treatise on the Nation's military policy to include the entire Rebellion, as well as to give the chapters already written the benefit of his personal revision.
A chapter on the military laws of Virginia, another on Confederate military appropriations, and a third on the military policy of Rome, have been omitted entire, but nothing has been excluded or eliminated from the published work which, in the judgment of the editors, would not have been cheerfully sanctioned by the distinguished author could he have been consulted in the matter.
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This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Emory Upton was an American soldier, tactician, and author. He served during American Civil War. From 1870 to 1875 he was the commandant of cadets at the United States Military Academy, where he also taught infantry, artillery, and cavalry tactics.
Background
Emory Upton was born on a farm west of Batavia, New York, the tenth child and sixth son of Daniel and Electra (Randall) Upton. He was a descendant of John Upton, who seems to have been in Massachusetts as early as 1639, bought land in Salem in 1658, and later moved to North Reading.
Education
During the winter of 1855-56, Emory Upton was a student at Oberlin College. Interested from early youth in military history, he secured appointment to the United States Military Academy, which he entered on July 1, 1856. He was an excellent student, and was notably outspoken on controversial subjects. As personal feelings grew tense over the issues that provoked the Civil War, he had the most celebrated physical encounter, with Wade Hampton Gibbes of South Carolina, in the history of West Point (Schaff, post, pp. 143-48). He graduated number eight on the list of forty-five with the first (May 6) class of 1861.
Career
After his studies, Upton was at once appointed second lieutenant, 4th Artillery, and sent to help drill Federal volunteers then assembling about Washington. On May 14 he was advanced to first lieutenant in the newly organized 5th Artillery (field batteries), and continued to drill volunteers until assigned to active field service under Gen. Daniel Tyler in the 16t Division of McDowell's army in northern Virginia. From that time to the close of the Civil War, Upton's career was one of the most notable in the annals of the army, comprising as it did varied service (artillery, infantry, and cavalry) and participation in a large number of engagements; it also brought him by successive promotions to the rank of brevet major-general, United States Army.
Four of the many actions in which he commanded troops brought advanced rank "for gallant and meritorious services": at Rappahannock Station, Va. , November 7, 1863; at Spotsylvania, Va. , May 10, 1864, where Upton, wounded in the charge, was promoted to brigadier-general on the spot by Grant; at the Opequon (or Winchester, Va. ), September 19, 1864, where after the death of Gen. D. A. Russell, Upton succeeded to command of the 16t Division, VI Army Corps, and though soon dangerously wounded, continued in active command while being carried about the field on a stretcher until the battle had been won (Wilson, post, I, 554); and at Selma, Ala. , April 2, 1865, where dismounted Federal cavalry, of which he led a detachment, broke through and surmounted stockaded fortifications defended by sheltered infantry and superior artillery, capturing the city and arsenal.
For nearly three months after the Opequon engagement, Upton was disabled and on sick leave; meanwhile, J. H. Wilson, assigned to command the cavalry in the farther South, requested and secured his services for the latter part of the Tennessee-Alabama-Georgia campaign. Upton also participated in the Antietam and Fredericksburg campaigns, the thirty-five-mile march by the VI Corps from Manchester, Md. , to Gettysburg, Pa. , mostly through the night of July 1-2, 1863, and in the battles of the Wilderness and Cold Harbor, and about Petersburg. The timeliness, good judgment, and precision with which he executed orders were frequently commended in the reports of his superiors.
After the Civil War, Upton continued in the Regular Army, with much lower rank because of the reduction of the military establishment. For short periods he was stationed in Tennessee and Colorado; then transferred to West Point as a member of the board of officers appointed to consider the system of infantry tactics which he had prepared. That system, with which his name has since been associated, was adopted in 1867.
After a short station in Kentucky, he secured leave of absence and with his wife spent several months in Europe. Returning in the late summer of 1868, he was again assigned to regular duties for short periods. From July 1, 1870, to June 30, 1875, he was commandant of cadets and instructor in artillery, infantry, and cavalry tactics at West Point. Those five years were the height of Upton's career in time of peace, and his influence upon the corps of cadets was particularly marked; meanwhile, he served on the board appointed to assimilate the tactics adopted in 1873.
In the summer of 1875 he was relieved at the Military Academy and assigned to professional duty on a trip around the world via San Francisco and the Orient, and for the greater part of two years studied the army organizations of Asia and Europe. At Shanghai, October 1876, he wrote out an elaborate plan for a military academy in China on the model of West Point. Returning, he was appointed superintendent of theoretical instruction in the Artillery School, Fort Monroe, Va. , where he was stationed nearly three years and during two periods commanded the post. After service as member of the board to codify army regulations, he was assigned to command the 4th Artillery and the Presidio of San Francisco. There, before reaching the age of forty-two, he died by a shot from his own hand, an act explained in brief by "an incurable malady of the head and its passages that ultimately became unbearable" (Wilson, II, 368; Michie, post, pp. 474-97).
His resignation as colonel of the 4th Artillery was written out and signed on the day before. Upton's tragic death was a shock to the nation, and particularly to the army, which had looked to him as a model of life and conduct as well as its leading tactician. Known always as a strict disciplinarian who drilled his men in all weathers and occasionally put them through new evolutions, he won and held their confidence and loyalty to a remarkable degree. His face, somewhat "pointed, " was habitually in an attitude of concentration, "with force and determination in every line. " In the field he took nothing for granted; was enterprising, resourceful, and energetic; acted upon personally ascertained or well-assimilated facts; and carried military books on campaigns which he studied in connection with situations developing from day to day. On occasions he was excitable and angry, and after the great sacrifices at Cold Harbor, Va. , in June 1864, he severely criticized the chief command (Michie, pp. 108-09). He rose to his greatest heights in the excitement and turmoil of battle. His funeral was at Auburn, New York, March 29, 1881, and he was buried in Fort Hill Cemetery there.
Upton wrote more on tactics and critical military history than any other officer of his day. Two books were published in his lifetime--A New System of Infantry Tactics, Double and Single Rank, Adapted to American Topography and Improved Firearms (1867, rev. ed. , 1874); and The Armies of Asia and Europe (1878).
A monumental work, "The Military Policy of the United States from 1775, " upon which he had been engaged for several years, he was able to complete only down to the second year of the Civil War. In 1903-04 the manuscript was reexamined by Elihu Root, who was then secretary of war, and in 1904 The Military Policy of the United States was published, under the editorship of J. P. Sanger; in 1914 a separate reprint of the Mexican War section was made. Some of the recommendations contained in Upton's treatise have been adopted; others no longer apply to changed conditions of warfare; yet it remains the most important work on a subject nowhere else treated on the same scale and in equal detail. Its outstanding features are searching analyses of the American national military policy and fearless comments upon its results. Intense application to those engrossing subjects, usually in connection with the full discharge of routine military duties, may have been a contributing factor to Upton's breakdown in the prime of life.