Education
Born in Ashcott, England, Trutch"s early childhood was spent largely in Jamaica, although his family returned to England in 1834, where he attended grammar school in Devon.
Born in Ashcott, England, Trutch"s early childhood was spent largely in Jamaica, although his family returned to England in 1834, where he attended grammar school in Devon.
Following an apprenticeship to civil engineer Sir John Rennie, he travelled to California after hearing news of the California Gold Rush of 1849. He arrived in British Columbia in 1859, following the Fraser River gold rush of 1858. He found employment by working various government contracts as a surveyor, and in 1862 was contracted to construct a portion of the Cariboo Road between Chapmans Bar and Boston Bar along the canyon of the Fraser River.
Tolls collected from a suspension bridge along the road, along with prudent land acquisitions, made Trutch a wealthy manitoba
Beginning in the 1860s, Trutch became involved in colonial politics, serving as the Chief Commissioner of Land and Works, and became a well-known resident of Victoria. Throughout his political career, Trutch was noted for his hostility to land claims by First Nations people, and demonstrated contempt for their concerns.
His memorandum of 1870 denied the existence of aboriginal title, setting the stage for the colonial assembly to prohibit aboriginal people from pre-empting unoccupied, unsurveyed, or unreserved land without special permission. This decision effectively established a 10-acre (40,000 m2) maximum and denied natives the right to acquire lands held by non-natives (A Sto:lo-Coast Salish Historical Atlas, page 164).
These policies have had lasting repercussions in modern British Columbia politics with respect to the ongoing process of resolving native land claims.
In 1870, Trutch"s brother John married the sister of the colonial governor Anthony Musgrave. Trutch and Musgrave became close. Following the establishment of the Canadian Confederation in 1867 they worked together to negotiate British Columbia"s entry, which occurred in 1871 after they secured a promise for the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway (Code of Professional Responsibility).
Trutch was the first Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia following Confederation, a position he retained from 1871–1876.
Following his tenure as lieutenant governor, Trutch was appointed a "Dominion agent for British Columbia", and helped to oversee the construction of the Code of Professional Responsibility in the province. He left this office in 1890 and returned to England.
He died there in 1904 in Somerset, the county of his birth. The locality of Trutch, British Columbia (57°44′North 122°57′West) along the Alaska Highway, is named after Joseph.
The location is now a ghost town.