Education
University of Vienna.
anthropologist explorer Photographer university professor
University of Vienna.
He was one of the most notable anthropologists in Chile in the first half of the 20th century, together with Max Uhle and Aureliano Oyarzún Navarro. He began higher studies in 1905 in Saint Gabriel in Mödling, near Vienna. After ordination in 1911, Gusinde went to Chile.
Gusinde undertook four research journeys to Tierra del Fuego between the end of 1918 and 1924.
The objective was to explore the different groups of Tierra del Fuegan Indians, the Yamana and Stekhman (also known as Selk"nam), who had been displaced by immigrants and severely depleted by imported diseases for which they lacked natural resistance. He stayed in Tierra del Fuego for 22 months in total.
He was allowed to participate in the initiation rites of the groups he studied. On behalf of the Berlin Phonogram Archive, he recorded the songs and chants of the indigenous peoples.
These are the sole surviving audio recordings of the Tierra del Fuegan Indians.
In 1926 Gusinde, gained a doctorate in anthropology at the University of Vienna. Together with Frederick Hestermann, he edited and helped arrange for publication in 1933 of a Yamana-English dictionary, based on an 1879 manuscript by Review Thomas Bridges, an Anglican missionary at Ushuaia.
This was later reprinted in Buenos Aires in 1987, and in a paperback edition in 2011.
During the mid-1930s, he studied the pygmies in the Congo. Between 1949 and 1957, Gusinde served as a professor at The Catholic University of America in Washington, District of Columbia. He undertook an expedition to the Ayom pygmies in New Guinea in 1956.
From 1959 to 1960 he taught at Nanzan University in Nagoya, Japan. He ended his career in research, lecturing and teaching activities at the Mission Saint Gabriel in Maria Enzersdorf, Vienna.
Martín Gusinde died in Mödling on 10 October 1969.
In Puerto Williams, Chile, the Martin Gusinde Anthropological Museum was erected his honour, which records his work with the Tierra del Fuego Indians. 1952: Karl Renner Prize.
German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.