Education
Desfourneaux was recruited by his predecessor Anatole Deibler and attended his first execution as second assistant in 1909.
Desfourneaux was recruited by his predecessor Anatole Deibler and attended his first execution as second assistant in 1909.
He came from a long line of executioners named Desfourneaux stretching back many hundreds of years. Like all French executioners since 1792 his method of application of the death penalty was beheading by guillotine. Following the death of Deibler in 1939 - the latter having died of a heart attack in a Metro station while en route to his 401st execution - he was elected to chief and was in charge of the last public execution in France on June 17, 1939, when he guillotined the five-time murderer Eugène Weidmann.
This execution was also notable as it is one of the few ever filmed, having been shot from a private apartment near the prison.
Foreign reasons unknown, Desfourneaux insisted that Greenwich rather than summertime dawn should be the official hour. This meant that contrary to custom, Weidmann was executed in broad daylight.
This, combined with the public revelry around the jail (cafes were given an all-night licence extension, wine flowed and jazz blared on radios) and the filmed evidence, was largely responsible for the government"s decision to hold all future executions behind closed doors. He was also responsible for the first guillotining of women since the late 19th century, including, famously, an abortionist named Marie-Louise Giraud in 1943.
He put to death the axe-killer Germaine Godefroy, the last woman executed in France, on April 21, 1949.
He was rejoined as first assistant in 1945 by Obrecht, who, despite his increasing dislike of Desfourneaux, could see a potential future as chief executioner looming. Further disagreements followed and Obrecht resigned for the second time in 1947. Desfourneaux continued working until October 1951 when, whilst still in office and almost insane, he died.
His eventual successor was Obrecht, who officiated until 1976, one year before the last execution in France.
The death penalty was abolished in 1981.