Education
Studied foreign trade in Vienna.
Studied foreign trade in Vienna.
1934 arrested and sentenced to 3.5 years of political prison. 1939-1941 editor in Lviv. 1941 soldier of the Soviet Army.
1943 soldier of the Polish 1st Tadeusz Kościuszko Infantry Division.
1946 Deputy Director of “Książka” Editors. 1953 Director of the State Scientific Editions.
1968 arrested in the 1968 Polish political crisis because of his Jewish descent. 1969 emigrated to Sweden.
In Sweden edited translations of Polish literature.
Member of the Communist Party of Western Ukraine.