Background
Ibn Hazm was born on November 7, 994 in Córdoba, Spain, into a notable family that claimed descent from a Persian client of Yazīd.
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Foundational Islamic Principles
(Ibn Hazm (b. 994 CE, d. 1064 CE) of Cordoba, Spain lived ...)
Ibn Hazm (b. 994 CE, d. 1064 CE) of Cordoba, Spain lived at a time that is often characterised as being the golden age of Islamic civilization in Europe. A true polymath, the breadth of his works and overall contribution to knowledge is quite exceptional. For the first time in English, a complete translation of Masail min al-Usul (issues or questions from Usul) is presented, taken from the second book of Ibn Hazms magnum opus of fiqh, Al-Muhalla bilAthar. Together with the translated text, several explanatory footnotes have been added to provide, where appropriate, additional explanation and references. These key issues of Usul are utilised throughout that work and are a feature of Ibn Hazms unique legal method. Yet many of these foundational principles are significant in themselves, not least because they provide a lucid empowering framework with which to approach many of the intractable debates that currently beset contemporary Islamic discourse. The Renascence Foundation is an independent not-for-profit organisation dedicated to seeking to stimulate, revive and reinvigorate contemporary Islamic thought.
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The Ring of the Dove; Or the Dove's Neck-Ring
(2014 Reprint of 1931 Edition. Full facsimile of the origi...)
2014 Reprint of 1931 Edition. Full facsimile of the original edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. Ibn Hazm (died 1064), drawing upon personal experiences, composed this famous work on "pure love" called ?awq al-?am?mah ("The Ring of the Dove" or "Dove's Neck Ring"). Its lucid prose, interspersed with poetry, has many times been translated into Western languages. The theme of love was especially popular, and a wide variety of intellectuals focused their attention on it. It is a charmingly intimate portrait of social intercourse within the Islamic community of the 11th century. This work, a blend of sensibilities nurtured by a harem education in his youth and the prudery of a scholar's Koran based ideals, was Ibn Hazm's masterpiece of courtly love-love Platonic, exquisite by unrequited. Europe's troubadours imbibed "The Dove" like a fine wine.
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Al-Majalla al-Ahkam al-Adaliyyah
(Al-Majallah al-Ahkam al-Adaliyyah was the civil code of t...)
Al-Majallah al-Ahkam al-Adaliyyah was the civil code of the Ottoman Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was the first attempt to codify a part of Islamic law of the Ottoman empire. The code was prepared by a commission headed by Ahmet Cevdet Pasha, issued in sixteen volumes (containing 1,851 articles) from 1869 to 1876 and entered into force in the year 1877. In its structure and approach it was clearly influenced by the earlier European codifications. Covering most areas of civil law, it exempted family law, which remained a domain of religious law. The substance of the code was based on the Hanafi legal tradition that enjoyed official status in the Empire, put into European code-form. However, it also incorporated other legal opinions that were considered more appropriate to the time, including from non-Hanafis. As the Majalla was eventually applied in the secular courts as well as in the Islamic courts of the Empire, Jews and Christians were for the first time subjected to Islamic law instead of their own law, but could now be called as witnesses in court. After the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, the Majalla remained a lasting influence in most of its successor states . The Mecelle was long-lasting in most places since it was effective, coherent, and difficult to dislodge. It remained in force in the following states: - Turkey until 1926 - Albania until 1928 - Lebanon until 1932 - Syria until 1949 - Iraq until 1953 - Cyprus until the 1960s - The British Mandate for Palestine and, later, Israel formally until 1984. The Majalla also remains the basis of civil law in Jordan and Kuwait.
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Abū Muḥammad ibn Ḥazm
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also known as
Ibn Hazm
historian jurist philosopher theologian writer author Polymath poet
Education
Ibn Hazm studied history, law and theology, and became a vizier as his father had been before him.
Career
Ibn Hazm was deposed from his post as a vizier for heresy, and spent the rest of his life quietly in the country. In legal matters he belonged first to the Shafi'ite school, but came to adopt the views of the Zahirites, who admitted only the external sense of the Koran and tradition, disallowing the use of analogy and Taqlid, and objecting altogether to the use of individual opinion. Every sentence of the Koran was to be interpreted in a general and universal sense; the special application to the circumstances of the time it was written was denied. Every word of the Koran was to be taken in a literal sense, but that sense was to be learned from other uses in the Koran itself, not from the meaning in other literature of the time. The special feature of Ibn Hazrit's teaching was that he extended the application of these principles from the study of law to that of dogmatic theology. He thus found himself in opposition at one time to the Mo'tazilites, at another to the Ash'arites. He did not, however, succeed in forming a school. His chief work is the Kitab al-Fisal fi al-milal wa-al-ahwa' wa-al-nihal, or "Book of Sects" (published in Cairo, 1899). Ibn Hazm died in 1064.
Achievements
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Ibn Ḥazm was a litterateur, historian, and theologian of Islamic Spain, famed for his literary productivity, breadth of learning, and mastery of the Arabic language. One of the leading exponents of the Ẓāhirī (Literalist) school of jurisprudence, he produced some 400 works, covering jurisprudence, logic, history, ethics, comparative religion, and theology, and The Ring of the Dove, on the art of love.
Works
book
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Al-Majalla al-Ahkam al-Adaliyyah
(Al-Majallah al-Ahkam al-Adaliyyah was the civil code of t...)
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The Ring of the Dove; Or the Dove's Neck-Ring
(2014 Reprint of 1931 Edition. Full facsimile of the origi...)
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Foundational Islamic Principles
(Ibn Hazm (b. 994 CE, d. 1064 CE) of Cordoba, Spain lived ...)
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Al-Majalla al-Ahkam al-Adaliyyah
Religion
Ibn Hazm was well known for his strict literalism, and is considered the champion of the literalist Zahirite school within Sunni Islām. A commonly cited example is his interpretation of the first half of verse 23 in the Qur'anic chapter of Al-Isra prohibiting one from saying "uff" to one's parents.
Views
By the 9th century, scholars like Ibn Hazm supported the view that the Earth was a sphere, and he is known to have started his debate by stating verses from the Quran.
Connections
References
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Born
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Died
August 15, 1064 (aged 70) -
Nationality
Spanish -
Ethnicity
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Religion
Islam