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Looking Outward Years Of Crisis At The United Nation
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
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("The superb quality of Mr. Stevenson's Godkin lectures at...)
"The superb quality of Mr. Stevenson's Godkin lectures at Harvard is demonstrated by the fact that they demand to be quoted entire. Steadily and whole, he observes the state of the nations, and above all, the gravity of American responsibilites. For this is his sifted, quintessential view of the world, after a visit to 53 countries. Though this long and laborious tour must have added a sense of pungent reality, the basic thoughts were always there-because Mr. Stevenson has perceptiveness, and a humane and lumious sagacity. He has given us by far and away the soundest, and most realistic appreciation of the present state of war and peace in the world that I know..."- Herman Finer
Adlai Ewing Stevenson II was an American lawyer, politician, and diplomat, noted for his intellectual demeanor, eloquent public speaking, and promotion of progressive causes in the Democratic Party.
Background
Stevenson was born on February 5, 1900 in Los Angeles, California. He was a member of a prominent Illinois political family. His grandfather Adlai Stevenson I was Vice President of the United States under President Grover Cleveland from 1893 to 1897. His father, Lewis Stevenson, never held an elected office, but was appointed Secretary of State of Illinois (1914-1917) and was considered a strong contender for the Democratic vice-presidential nomination in 1928. A maternal great-grandfather, Jesse W. Fell, had been a close friend and campaign manager for Abraham Lincoln in his 1858 US Senate race; Stevenson often referred to Fell as his favorite ancestor. His mother was Helen Davis Stevenson, and he had an older sister, Elizabeth Stevenson Ives, an author who was called "Buffie". Actor McLean Stevenson was a second cousin once removed. He was the nephew by marriage of novelist Mary Borden, and she assisted in the writing of some of his political speeches.
Education
Stevenson left Bloomington High School after his junior year and attended University High School in Normal, Illinois. Upon his graduation from Choate in 1918, he enlisted in the Navy and served at the rank of Seaman Apprentice, but his training was completed too late for him to participate in World War I. He attended Princeton University, becoming managing editor of The Daily Princetonian, a member of the American Whig-Cliosophic Society, a member of the Quadrangle Club, and received a B. A. degree in 1922 in literature and history. Under prodding from his father he then went to Harvard Law School, but found the law to be "uninteresting", and withdrew after failing several classes.
Career
Moving with his family in 1906 to Bloomington, Illinois, he followed in the footsteps of his grandfather by entering the practice of law (Chicago, 1926) and devoting himself to public service. He headed the Civil Rights Committee of the Chicago Bar Association, and - in a period when isolationism was rampant in the Midwest - was chairman of the Chicago chapter of the Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies. From 1941 to 1944 he was special assistant to the U. S. secretary of the navy, and in 1943 he headed a Foreign Economic Administration mission to Italy to develop a U. S. relief program. Two years later he became assistant to the secretary of state and served as an adviser to the U. S. delegation to the San Francisco Conference that founded the UN. He was named senior adviser to the U. S. delegation at the first meeting of the UN General Assembly in London (1946) and was a U. S. delegate at Assembly meetings in New York (1946-1947).
In 1948 Stevenson was elected governor of Illinois by a larger majority than any other candidate had received in the history of the state. His administration was characterized by far-reaching reforms: establishment of a merit system for state police, improved care and treatment of patients in state mental hospitals, greater state aid for schools, and a revitalized civil service.
In spite of his refusal to seek the presidential nomination in 1952, he was drafted by the Democratic National Convention in Chicago. He waged a vigorous campaign, but the popular appeal of wartime hero Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower proved irresistible. Stevenson was defeated a second time four years later, again by Eisenhower.
With the election of Pres. John F. Kennedy in 1960, Stevenson was appointed chief U. S. representative to the UN, holding cabinet rank and the title of ambassador. He served until his death, helping to assuage some of the worst international tensions - brought on by the financial difficulties of the parent organization, by the Cold War, and by the sensitivity of emerging African and Asian nations to traditional Western leadership.
Stevenson belonged to the Unitarian faith, and was a longtime member of Bloomington's Unitarian church. However, he also occasionally attended Presbyterian services in Libertyville, where a Unitarian church was not present, and as governor he became close friends with the Rev. Richard Graebel, the pastor of Springfield's Presbyterian church. Graebel "acknowledged that Stevenson's Unitarian rearing had imbued him with the means of translating religious and ethical values into civic issues. "
Membership
Member of the American Whig-Cliosophic Society, member of the Quadrangle Club, member of Bloomington's Unitarian church, leading member of the non-interventionist America First Committee
Connections
In 1928, Stevenson married Ellen Borden, a well-to-do socialite. The young couple soon became popular and familiar figures on the Chicago social scene; they especially enjoyed attending, and hosting, costume parties. They had three sons: Adlai Stevenson III, who would become a U. S. Senator; Borden Stevenson, and John Fell Stevenson. In 1935, Adlai and Ellen purchased a 70-acre (280, 000 m2) tract of land along the Des Plaines River near Libertyville, Illinois, a wealthy suburb of Chicago. They built a home on the property and it served as Stevenson's official residence for the rest of his life. Although he spent relatively little time there due to his career, Stevenson did consider the farm to be his home, and in the 1950s, he was often called "The Man from Libertyville" by the national news media. Stevenson also purchased a farm in northwestern Illinois, just outside Galena, where he frequently rode horses and kept some cattle. In 1949, Adlai and Ellen were divorced; their son Adlai III later recalled that "There hadn't been a good relationship for a long time. I remember her [Ellen] as the unreasonable one, not only with Dad, but with us and the servants. I was embarrassed by her peremptory way with servants. "
Stevenson did not remarry after his divorce, but instead dated a number of prominent women throughout the rest of his life, including Alicia Patterson, Marietta Tree, and Betty Beale.