Background
Akimasa Yoshikawa was born January 21, 1841 in Yamakawa, Awa Province (currently Yoshinogawa, Tokushima). He was the son of Harada, a retainer of Tokushima Clan. He was adopted by the Yoshikawa family.
顕正 芳川
Akimasa Yoshikawa was born January 21, 1841 in Yamakawa, Awa Province (currently Yoshinogawa, Tokushima). He was the son of Harada, a retainer of Tokushima Clan. He was adopted by the Yoshikawa family.
Akimasa Yoshikawa studied medicine and English studies in Nagasaki from 1862 on and met Hirobumi Ito. Entered the service of Foreign Ministry in 1870 and the following year was sent along with Hirobumi Ito to study the banking system in America.
Akimasa Yoshikawa was a close protégé of Yamagata Aritomo and at Yamagata's urging, served as Governor of Tokyo from July 1882 to June 1885. As Governor, Yoshikawa submitted a plan for the complete redevelopment of Tokyo based on the redevelopment of Paris under Napoleon III. He also called for an expansion of the train system to a terminus in an expanded Tokyo Station.
Yoshikawa then worked as Deputy Director of the Home Ministry from March 1886 to May 1890. When Yamagata became Prime Minister, Yoshikawa was appointed to his cabinet as Minister of Education, a post which he held from May 1890 to June 1891. During this period, he played an important role in writing the Imperial Rescript on Education, which articulated government policy on the guiding principles of education in the Empire of Japan, and which had to be memorized by all students.
In 1893, under the 2nd Ito Hirobumi administration, Yoshikawa was appointed Minister of Justice. He continued in the same position through the 2nd Matsukata Masayoshi administration. In February 1896, while still holding the position of Minister of Justice, he was concurrently appointed Home Minister. He also served as a chamberlain in the Imperial Household.
In 1898, under the 1st Okuma Shigenobu administration, he was reappointed as Home Minister, and under the 2nd Yamagata administration in November 1898, was made Minister of Communications. That same year, he was elevated to the kazoku peerage with the title of shishaku (viscount).
In 1901, under the 1st Katsura Taro administration, he was reappointed as Minister of Communications. After his term ended in July 1903, he announced that he would be leaving public service; however, he accepted the post of Home Minister again in February 1904, serving until September 1905. In 1907, he became the 1st chairman of the Japan Society for Prevention of Sexually-transmitted Disease. He was subsequently elevated to hakushaku (count).
In 1912, Yoshikawa became deputy secretary of the Privy Council. However, in 1917, he was forced to resign his positions and retire from public life over a major scandal caused by his 4th daughter Kamako.
Yoshikawa had four daughters but no sons, he adopted a younger son of Sone Arasuke, who married his Yoshikawa's 4th daughter Kamako. The son, Hiroharu, became a prominent businessman.