Background
SHLYAPNIKOV, Aleksandr was born in 1884.
SHLYAPNIKOV, Aleksandr was born in 1884.
From 1900 in revol movement. 1903-1904 Party work in Murom. January 1905 arrested.
October 1905 released from prison under amnesty. 1906 rcarrested and imprisoned until 1908. Early 1908 emigrated.
April 1914 returned to Russia on a French passport and worked at Lessner Plant, Saint St. Petersburg. Carried out missions for Bolshevik faction of State Duma and Saint St. Petersburg Russian Social-Democratic Workers ’Party (Bolsheviks) Committee. September 1914 went abroad to liaise with Central Committee, RSDRJP(B).
Worked in Sweden, Norway, Denmark and England. Returned to Russia and established in Saint St. Petersburg Party Central Committee Bureau to direct revol work in Russia. Early 1916 again went abroad on Party assignments.
1915 coopted to Central Committee, Russian Social-Democratic Workers ’Party (Bolsheviks). Attended 1st All-Russian Congress of Soviets. After 1917 February Revol member, initiating group to establish Soviet of Workers’ Deputy in Saint St. Petersburg.
Member, 1st Soviet Executive Committee. From April 1917 chairman, Metalworkers’ Union. Took part in 1917 October Revol in Petrograd.
Attended 2nd All-Russian Congress of Soviets. People's Commissar of Labor in first Soviet government. 17 November 1917 resigned from Council of People's Commissar and Central Committee, Rural Delivery Russian Social-Democratic Workers ’Party (Bolsheviks) together with Nogin, Rykov, Milyutin, Teodorovich, Ryazanov and others in protest against refusal to allow socialist parties to participate in Soviet government.
1918-1920 fought in Civil War. Member, Revol Military Council, Southern and Caspian-Caucasian Fronts. Member, Revol Military Council, 16th Army on Western Front.
1919-1922 chairman, Central Committee, Metalworkers’ Union. 1920-1921, during trade-union controversy, headed “Workers’ Opposition” which supported syndicalist views. 1924-1925 councillor, Soviet mission in France.
1926-1929 chairman, Metal Import Trust. Then various economics admin posts. After suppression of “Workers’ Opposition” frequently (1923, 1926 and 1927) came out in defense of oppositionist views.
Expelled from Party in 1933 purge. 1918 at 7th Parly Congress elected candidate member, Central Committee, Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). 1937 arrested by State Security organs.
Religion is a tool used by the ruling classes for the masses to relieve their suffering via the act of experiencing religious emotions.
All policy decisions should be made in the light of the continued, permanent development of the theory of Marxism–Leninism.
Communist Party member from 1901.