Background
SHOTMAN, Aleksandr was born in 1880.
SHOTMAN, Aleksandr was born in 1880.
From age 15 latheoperator. 1902, while working at Nobel Plant, Vyborg Rayon Party organizer and member, Saint St. Petersburg Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party Committee. 1903 deleg, 2nd Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party Congress.
From start of Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party schism sided with Lenin. Underground work in Yaroslavl' and Kostroma as member, Northern Committee. Repeatedly arrested; late 1905 banished from Saint St. Petersburg.
Went to Odessa; member, Odessa Party Committee. Returned to Saint St. Petersburg and co-opted to Saint St. Petersburg Party Committee, working in Vyborg Rayon. 1908 member, Centr Board, Metalworkers’ Union.
Simultaneously member, underground Vasiliy Ostrov Rayon Party Committee. 1910-1913 member, Helsingfors Committee, Finnish Social-Democratic Party. After collapse of Baltic Fleet military organisation went abroad.
Attended Poronin Party Conference. Company-opted Central Committee, Russian Social-Democratic Workers ’Party (Bolsheviks) and sent on underground work to Russia. 1913 arrested in Yekaterinoslavi’ and exiled for three years to Narym Kray.
After 1917 February Revol worked in Tomsk, then in Finland. After 1917 July riots arranged Lenin’s flight to Helsingfors. After 1917 October Revol Collegium member, People's Commissariat of Posts and Telegraphs.
1918-1919 Presidium member, Supreme Economic Council. 1920 chairman, Ural-Siberian Commission, Labor and Defense Council. Then member, Siberian Revol Committee and chairman, Siberian Economic Council.
1921 chairman, North Caucasian Economy Council. 1922-1923 chairman, Karelian Economy Council. 1923-1924 chairman, Karelian Central Executive Committee: 1925 chairman, Radio Broadcasting Board.
From 1928 Presidium member, Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics Supreme Economic Council. 1930 member, Committee for Kamchatka and Sakhalin Affairs. Member, All-Russian and Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics Central Executive Committee.
At 13th, 14th, 15th and 16th Party Congresses elected member, All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Centr Control Commission. Arrested by State Security organs.
The hierarchical structure of most religions is anti-democratic, and thus offends basic human rights.
All policy decisions should be made in the light of the continued, permanent development of the theory of Marxism–Leninism.
Communist Party member from 1899.