Background
SMIRNOV, Aleksandr was born in 1877. Son of a peasant.
SMIRNOV, Aleksandr was born in 1877. Son of a peasant.
In his youth worked as shepherd. At age 16 began work at Tver’ textile mill. 1895 moved to Saint St. Petersburg and became involved in revol movement.
1897 joined Saint St. Petersburg League for the Liberation of the Working Class. 1898 arrested and exiled. Shortly afterwards began work at Tver’ factory.
1900 again exiled to Novgorod. 1901 returned to Tver’, where he worked as a weaver and founded a workers’ circle. 1903 arrested; 1904 released from prison, returned to Tver’ and continued revol work, joining Tver’ Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party Committee and helping to run an underground printing press
During 1905 Revol elected assistant chairman, Tver’ Soviet and head of battle squads. Moved to Saint St. Petersburg after suppression of revol in Tver’. Lived in Saint St. Petersburg illegally, elected member, Saint St. Petersburg Russian Social-Democratic Workers ’Party (Bolsheviks) Committee.
Delegation, Stockholm Party Congress. 1907 deleg, London Party Congress. Returned to Russia, was arrested and a year later exiled to Ust’-Sysol’sk.
1908 fled from exile and returned to Saint St. Petersburg, but was soon arrested and returned to Ust’-Sysol’sk. Completed term of exile and moved to Moscow, but was shortly arrested and exiled for three years to Narym. During this period elected member, Central Committee, Russian Social-Democratic Workers ’Party (Bolsheviks).
With start of World War 1 drafted into Russian Army and sent to Persia as a driver. After 1917 February Revol worked in Moscow Province. Presidium member, Moscow Province Soviet.
After 1917 October Revol Collegium member, People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs and Deputy People's Commissar of Internal Affairs. From 1919 Collegium member, People's Commissariat of Food. 1923 appointed People's Commissar of Agriculture
Fall 1923—spring 1928 secr-general, Peasants International (Krestintem). 1927-1929 deputy chairman, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Council of People's Commissar. 1928-1930 secretary, Central Committee, All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks).
From 1930 Presidium member, Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics Supreme Economic Council and chairman, All-Union Forestry Indiana Trust. Then chairman, All-Union Council for Communal Utilities, Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics Central Executive Committee. At 13th—16th Party Congresses elected member, Central Committee, All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks).
1934 expelled from Party for alleged anti-Party activities. Arrested by State Security organs.
Religion is an instrument of the ruling classes to instill in the masses the religious conviction that their current suffering will lead to eventual happiness.
Communist Party is the leading force of Soviet society, and the nucleus of all state and public organizations.
Communist Party member from 1896.