Background
RYKOV, Aleksey was born in 1881.
RYKOV, Aleksey was born in 1881.
From 1900 studied at Law Faculty, Kazan’ University.
Took part in students and workers’ circles in Saratov, then in student revol movement. Member, Kazan’ Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party Committee, supervising workers’ circles. March 1901 arrested and exiled under police surveillance to Saratov.
1902 went underground, then moved to Geneva, where he first met Lenin. Returned to Russia and headed Northern Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party Committee. 1905 attended 3rd Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party Congress in London and elected member, Central Committee, Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party.
Returned to Russia and headed Saint St. Petersburg Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party Committee. Mid-1906 moved to Odessa to develop Bolshevik organizations in the area. Returned to Moscow and was exiled for three years to Arkhangel’sk Province, whence he soon fled to continue Party work in Moscow.
May 1907 re-arrested. After 17 months’ imprisonment in Taganka Jail exiled for two years to Samara. Went abroad at Lenin’s behest.
Summer 1909 returned to Russia. September 1909 again arrested in Moscow and after three months in jail exiled for three years to Arkhangel’sk Province. December 1910 fled to Paris.
Summer 1911 attended plenary meeting of Central Committee, Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party. Sided with Bolshevik reconciliationist faction. August 1911 returned to Moscow and was again arrested.
After nine months’ imprisonment exiled for the third time to Arkhangel’sk Province. Summer 1913 returned from exile and worked in Saint St. Petersburg and Moscow, but wtts shortly arrested and exiled for four years to Narym Kray. September 1915 fled to Samara.
October 1915 re-arrested and returned to Narym, where he lived until the 1917 February Revol. Returned to Moscow and was elected to Presidium, Moscow Soviet. April 1917 deleg at 7th AU-Russian Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party Conference.
October 1917 helped organize October Revol in Petrograd. At 2nd Congress of Soviets appointed People's Commissar of Internal Affairs in first Soviet government. November 1917, together with other rightist Bolsheviks, resigned from Council of People's Commissar and from Central Committee, Russian Social-Democratic Workers ’Party (Bolsheviks) in protest against the Bolshevik leadership’s refusal to let other socialist parties participate in the government.
February 1918 appointed chairman, Supreme Economic Council. 1919 also extraordinary plenipotentiary of Soviet defense. Summer 1921 deputy chairman, Council of People's Commissar and Labor and Defense Council.
After Lenin’s death, 1924-1929 chairman, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Council of People's Commissar. 1924-1930 chairman, Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics Council of People's Commissar. 1931-September 1936 Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics People's Commissar of Communications.
1905-1934 member, from 1934 candidate member, Central Committee, All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). 1919-1929 Political Bureau member, Central Committee, All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). 1928, together with Bukharin and Tomsky, led "rightist opposition”.
After 1929 November plenum of Central Committee, All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and after 16th All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Congress in 1930 recanted his crrors;'March 1937 expelled from All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) for alleged anti-Party activities. 18 March 1938 sentenced to death in the trial of the “anti-Soviet rightist-Trotskyite center” for “active complicity in a conspiratorial group”.
Religion is an instrument of the ruling classes to instill in the masses the religious conviction that their current suffering will lead to eventual happiness.
Communist party could initiate policies in the name of the society because it knows what the best is for its progress and development.
Communist Party member from 1899.