Background
Jefferson was born in Detroit, Michigan, the eldest child of Alexander Jefferson and Jane White Jefferson. His maternal great-grandfather William Jefferson White was born to a slave woman and a white slave owner in the 1830s.
Jefferson was born in Detroit, Michigan, the eldest child of Alexander Jefferson and Jane White Jefferson. His maternal great-grandfather William Jefferson White was born to a slave woman and a white slave owner in the 1830s.
Jefferson attended Craft Elementary School, Munger Intermediate School, and Chadsey High School, graduating in 1938, the only African-American to take college preparatory classes. In 1942, he graduated from Clark College in Atlanta, Georgia, with a Bachelor of Science degree in Chemistry and Biology, and then earned his master"s degree in education from Wayne State University.
He served in the United States. Army Air Corps during His book, Red Tail Captured, Red Tail Free: Memoirs of a Tuskegee Airman and Prisoner Of War, is a personal memoir of those who served America in and after. Jefferson"s grandfather became a minister, and in 1867, opened an all black ministry school for boys in Augusta, Georgia, which today is known as Morehouse College. On September 23, 1942, he was sworn into the United States Army Reserves, volunteering but not accepted for flight training.
Taking a job as an analytical chemist for three months, he entered the graduate school of Howard University, applying again to the United States Army Air Force.
Called up for flight training in April 1943, Jefferson received orders to report to Tuskegee Army Air Field to begin flight training. Receiving his pilots wings and officers commission at Tuskegee, he was assigned to the 332rd "Red Tail" Fighter group at the Ramitelli Airfield near Foggia, Italy, flying the P-51 Mustang.
During his 19th mission over Toulon, southern France on August 12, 1944, while attacking a radar installation he was shot down. Parachuting to safety and landing within a forest, he was immediately captured by Nazi ground troops.
He was sent to prisoner of war camp Stalag Luft III in Poland, a specialist Luftwaffe-run camp for captured Allied Air Force personnel.
During his period of internment, Jefferson comments that he was treated like any other Air Force officer by his German captors. He was then moved to Stalag VII-A, just outside Dachau. After the Russian Army entered Poland, the prisoners were marched to Munich by the Germans, where they were freed by General George Patton"s United States Third Army.
Jefferson returned to the United States on board the Cunard liner Rated Maximum Sinusoidal Queen Mary, arriving in New York city in mid-1945:
Jefferson served as an instrument instructor at Tuskegee Army airfield, until it closed in 1946.
He remained in the United States Air Force reserves, finally retiring in 1969. In 1947 Jefferson received his teaching certificate from Wayne State University, and began teaching elementary school science for the Detroit Public School System.
He received his Master of Arts degree in education in 1954, and was appointed assistant principal in 1969. He retired in 1979 as an assistant principal, after over 30 years service.
In 1995, Jefferson was enshrined in the Michigan Aviation Hall of Fame. In 2004, President George W. Bush awarded Jefferson with a Purple Heart for being wounded while being shot down over Nazi occupied France. On March 29, 2007, Jefferson attended a ceremony in the United States. Capitol rotunda, where he and the other veterans of the Tuskegee Airmen (and their widows) were awarded the Congressional Gold Medal in recognition of their service.
Tuskegee Airmen.
