Geological Excursions; Or, the Rudiments of Geology for Young Learners
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Syllabus of Courses of Lectures and Instruction in General Geology, with References to Sources of Information
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Michigan. Being Condensed Popular Sketches of the Topography, Climate and Geology of the State
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Enumeration of Fossils Collected in Niagara Limestone at Chicago, Illinois; With Descriptions of Several New Species
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Addresses and Other Exercises at the Inauguration of Alexander Winchell as Chancellor of the Syracuse University
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Geological Studies; Or, Elements of Geology. for High Schools, Colleges, Normal, and Other Schools
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Sketches of Creation: A Popular View of Some of the Grand Conclusions of the Sciences in Reference to the History of Matter and of Life
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Alexander Winchell was an American geologist, teacher and author.
Background
Alexander Winchell was born on December 31, 1824, in the town of Northeast, New York, the son of Horace Winchell and Caroline McAllister, and a descendant in the seventh generation of Robert Winchell, an Englishman, who settled first in Dorchester in 1634 and removed to Windsor, Connecticut, in 1635; on his mother's side he was of Scotch-Irish ancestry.
Education
His first inclinations seem to have been toward mathematics and astronomy, but he decided to study medicine and was sent to the Stockbridge Academy at South Lee, Massachusetts, for two years. Being then but sixteen and too young to begin his medical studies, he taught school during 1841 and 1842. He found the profession agreeable, abandoned his earlier intentions, and in the fall of 1842 entered Amenia Seminary, Dutchess County, New York.
He matriculated at Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, in 1844, to graduate in 1847, entering almost at once upon a remarkably diversified career of teaching, lecturing, and writing. He first essayed teaching in the Pennington Male Seminary of New Jersey, where he showed his fondness for natural history by studying the local flora; he also studied languages and made amateur experiments in electricity.
Career
Returning to accept the chair of natural history at the Amenia Seminary, he gave his first public geological lectures in 1849.
In 1850 he assumed charge of an academy at Newbern, Alabama, but resigned the following year to open the Mesopotamia Female Seminary at Eutaw.
In 1853 he accepted the presidency of the Masonic University at Selma, Alabama. Meanwhile, he made extensive natural history collections, which were forwarded in part to the Smithsonian Institution at Washington and brought him in touch with Prof. Spencer Fullerton Baird and other naturalists of his day. An outbreak of yellow fever at Selma and the offer of the chair of physics and civil engineering at the University of Michigan took him in the fall of 1853 to Ann Arbor.
In 1855 he was given the new chair of geology, zoology, and botany at Michigan, a position he continued to hold until 1873. During this time he wrote profusely for the public press, lectured, and organized and directed a short-lived state geological survey (1859 - 1861) that came to an end through the failure of the legislature to make the necessary appropriations. In 1869 a reorganization took place and Winchell was again made director, but he resigned in 1871, owing, it is said, to the hostility of personal enemies.
Disappointed by his failure, he resigned his university position and accepted the chancellorship of Syracuse University (1872 - 1874), but, finding conditions less favorable than he had been led to expect, he resigned there as well.
After an unsuccessful attempt at a school of geology in Syracuse, and a professorship of geology and zoology at Vanderbilt University (1875 - 1878), he returned to his old home at Ann Arbor and in 1879 was unanimously recalled to the chair of geology and paleontology at the university, where he remained until his death. He was chairman of the committee to organize the Geological Society of America, and served as president in 1891. With the exception of the brief periods with the Michigan survey, and two years in a study of the Archaean problem in Minnesota, Winchell's geological work was of an intermittent nature.
The books for which he was best known are his Sketches of Creation (1870), The Doctrine of Evolution (1874), Preadamites (1880), Sparks from a Geologist's Hammer (1881), World Life (1883), and his textbook, Geological Studies (1886). Of these his World Life, which covered systematically the entire field of world history, shows the most careful research and the deepest thought. The extreme diversity and profuseness of his writings is indicated by his published bibliography, which consists of over two hundred and fifty titles. He died on February 19, 1891, in Ann Arbor, Michigan, from aortic stenosis, a disease from which he had long suffered.