Background
Markowska was born in a travelling Polska Roma tabor (a mobile camp) in an area around Stanisławów, in the Kresy region of the Second Polish Republic.
Markowska was born in a travelling Polska Roma tabor (a mobile camp) in an area around Stanisławów, in the Kresy region of the Second Polish Republic.
In 1939, the German invasion of Poland caught her in Lwów (Lviv). After the Soviet Union also invaded Poland as part of the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact between Stalin and Hitler, her tabor moved to the German occupied part of Poland. Alfreda was the only one to survive.
She spent several days searching the local forests for the mass grave of her family.
Subsequently they were forced to move into Roma ghettos in Lublin, Łódź, and Bełżec but they fled these as well and settled back in Rozwadów, where the Germans had organized a labor camp for Roma. Rescue missions
In Rozwadów Alfreda was hired on the railway and managed to obtain a work permit (Kennkarte) which gave her some protection against further arrests.
She became involved in saving Jews and Roma, particularly children, from death at the hands of the Nazis. She would travel to sites of known massacres of Jewish and Roma populations and look for survivors.
Markowska would bring them back to her home, hide them and obtain false documents which protected them from the Germans.
An estimated fifty children were saved by her personally. Years later, when asked why she wasn"t afraid to help, Markowska stated that at the time she didn"t expect to live through the war herself anyway, so fear wasn"t an issue. In 1944 the Soviets "liberated" the area.
After the war, the communist authorities of the People"s Republic of Poland initiated a campaign to force the Roma to settle and abandon their traditional lifestyle.
As a result, she and her family lived first near Poznań, then, after her husband"s death, in Gorzów Wielkopolski. At that time, then-President of Poland Lech Kaczyński commended her "for heroism and uncommon bravery, for exceptional merit in saving human lives".