Ali Bello

Background

Ali Babba bin Bello was born in 1804 the son of a Hausa concubine with Muhammed Bello, the second Sultan of Sokoto, and the grandson of Usman dan Fodio, the first Sultan.

Career

Although he was not born from one of the wives of Bello, he was treated as from Bello"s lineage and was able to become the successor to Abu Bakr Atiku in 1842. Ali Babba came into power at a tumultuous point in the Sokoto Caliphate. Usman dan Fodio and Muhammed Bello had done most of the expansion of the empire, but in recent years there were many simmering revolts from the various emirs in the Caliphate and there was constant violence between Sokoto and the Bornu Empire.

Many of the Emirs had become quite independent from the Caliphate by the time Ali Babba came to power.

Revolts in Kebbi, Dendi, and Zamfara were all ended by Ali Babba during his tenure. However, during his term, the Hadejia Emirate successfully rebelled from the Caliphate.

The Emir of Hadejia, Buhari, had refused to submit to questioning by Ali Babba in regards to Buhari"s brutality which resulted in a decade long struggle with Hadejia maintaining independence until Buhari"s death. At the same time, violence between Sokoto and Bornu had been ongoing for most of his predecessor"s reign.

Ali Babba was able to end slave raids by his forces into Bornu territory, grant Bornu some lands back, and negotiate a cessation of hostilities.

In 1853, explorer Heinrich Barth and Ali Babba negotiated an extensive trade agreement between the British and the Sokoto Caliphate.

Achievements

• Ali Babba consolidated the administration of the Sokoto Caliphate, quelled many of the tension between the Sultan and the Emirs, achieved a cessation of hostilities with Bornu, and started trading with the British Empire.