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(Hydraulic tables; the elements of gagings and the frictio...)
Hydraulic tables; the elements of gagings and the friction of water flowing in pipes, aqueducts, sewers, etc., as determined by the Hazen and Williams formula and the flow of water over sharp-edged and irregular weirs, and the quantity discharged as determined by Bazin's formula and experimental investigations upon large models
Allen Hazen was an American consulting engineer. He served as a president of the New England Water Works Association and vice-president of the American Society of Civil Engineers.
Background
Allen Hazen was born on August 28, 1869, on his father's farm in Norwich, Vermont, United States. He was the eldest child, in a family of two brothers and two sisters, of Charles Dana and Abbie Maria (Coleman) Hazen.
Of distinguished colonial ancestry, he was descended from Edward Hazen, who emigrated from England and settled in Rowley, Massachussets, in 1649.
Education
After attending the local schools, Hazen graduated in 1885 with the degree of Bachelor of Science from the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts, then affiliated with Dartmouth College at Hanover.
After graduation he became a special student in sanitary chemistry at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Then he studied at the Dresden Polytechnic Institute.
Hazen received honorary degrees of Doctor of Science from both New Hampshire College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts (1913) and Dartmouth College (1917).
Career
After graduation Hazen became a special student in sanitary chemistry at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1886 the Massachusetts legislature had passed an act to protect the purity of inland waters. One section authorized the Board of Health to "conduct experiments and to employ such experts as were necessary. " Through the influence of Hiram Mills, one of its members, the Board of Health founded an experiment station at Lawrence for scientific research on water purification and on sewage and trade-waste treatment. In 1888 through the recommendation of Doctor T. M. Brown, then chief chemist of the board, Hazen was appointed the first director of the station, and for the first time in the United States, engineers, biologists, and chemists were brought together in one research group for the development of the sanitary field.
Their investigations on typhoid, particularly the Lawrence and Lowell epidemics, directed attention to the germ theory of disease, which was only then becoming recognized. The report of the Lawrence experiment station for 1890 is a classic, outlining as it does the fundamental research on the biological action of filters and the grading and selecting of material for water and sewage filters. The results of this report did much to stimulate the development of sanitary research and gave Hazen a notable place in this newly developing field.
Because of his work at Lawrence in the field of sewage disposal, he was placed in charge of that work at the World's Columbian Exhibition at Chicago in 1893.
The following year he spent in Europe in travel. During this period he wrote his first book, The Filtration of Public Water-Supplies (1895), including in it a review of European practice. On his return to the United States he entered private consulting practice in Boston with Albert F. Noyes. On Noyes's death in 1896, he moved his office to New York City and took charge of the design and construction at Albany of the first continuously operating slow-sand water-filter plant in the United States. Thereafter he served as consultant for water departments and water companies throughout North America.
In 1904 Hazen formed a partnership with George C. Whipple, who had been a fellow student at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Although Whipple was later appointed professor of sanitary engineering at Harvard, the partnership was continued until his death in 1924. The early work in water and sewage treatment expanded into the fields of hydrology, appraisal and rate-making, design of large dams, and distribution pipes.
In connection with early studies which Hazen made with Gardner S. Williams, on the flow of water in pipes, he and Williams developed the much-used Williams and Hazen pipe-flow formula and compiled a volume entitled Hydraulic Tables, published in 1905. Soon after this, Hazen published a popular book, Clean Water and How to Get It (1907). His interest in valuation work for rate-making led to his publication in 1917 of Meter Rates for Water Works. He was particularly responsible for the development of probability concepts in hydrological studies and his last book, Flood Flows, published in 1930, was in this field.
During all these years he was a frequent contributor to scientific publications, particularly to those of the American Society of Civil Engineers.
While on a combined pleasure and business trip with one of his daughters he died suddenly at Miles City, Montana.
Hazen was selected as an Honorary Member of the American Water Works Association in 1930.
Connections
While on a consulting trip to Pittsburgh Hazen met and, on January 1, 1903, married Elizabeth McConway, the daughter of one of the leading citizens. The family lived at Dobbs Ferry, New York. There were five daughters and two sons.