Background
Alonzo Barton Cornell was born on January 22, 1832 at Ithaca, New York, United States. He was the eldest son of Ezra Cornell and Mary Ann (Wood) Cornell.
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Businessman politician statesman
Alonzo Barton Cornell was born on January 22, 1832 at Ithaca, New York, United States. He was the eldest son of Ezra Cornell and Mary Ann (Wood) Cornell.
Cornell was educated and graduated from the Ithaca Academy.
Before his sixteenth birthday, Cornell had exchanged home and school for a telegrapher’s key in Troy. There he discovered the possibility of reading by sound, and upon passing from the control of his father’s lines in Montreal to take charge of the main western office in Cleveland he organized it as the first to dispense with the recording tape. Marriage led him to prefer less confining employment in an Ithaca bank (1852-1856).
After a term as manager of the Wall Street telegraph office he returned to Ithaca (1859) and bought the line of steamboats plying on Cayuga Lake, but soon sold them to participate in organizing the first national bank there, of which he was cashier 1864-1866. In 1868 he began a thirty-year directorship of the Western Union Company. During 1870-1876 he was its vice-president and in 1875 its acting president.
He was apprenticed to politics in 1858 as the youngest member of the Tompkins County Republican committee. Next year he became its chairman and in 1864 and 1865 was also supervisor for Ithaca. Mounting Republican majorities in “tal- ismanic Tompkins” drew the attention of larger politicians. He was placed on the Republican state committee (1866); nominated, and defeated, for lieutenant-governor (1868); appointed by President Grant, at Senator Conk- ling’s desire, to be surveyor of customs for the port of New York (March 1869); and, in September 1870, advanced to the chairmanship of the state committee. In this capacity he carried through, and defended in the Syracuse convention of 1871, a reenrolment of the city Republicans, whose central committee, under the ornamental chairmanship of Horace Greeley, he had found to be “subsidized by Tammany plunderers. ”
In the Liberal nomination of Greeley for the presidency in 1872 Cornell saw a continuation of this contest between the Conkling and Fenton factions for control of the Republican organization and summoned all his energies to hold the state against the party traitor. In return, his Republican colleagues in the Assembly of 1873 elected him to be speaker despite his entire lack of legislative experience.
As state chairman in the campaign of 1876, although the state was lost to Tilden, Cornell was judged by the organization to have made a good fight. In February 1877, President Grant, about to retire, rewarded him with the lucrative post of naval officer in the New York customs house. In June, President Hayes issued his executive order forbidding federal office-holders to engage in party management. Cornell, being under no charges of official misconduct, refused either to resign his office or to relinquish what he professed to consider his duty to his party. Hayes therefore suspended him and in February 1879, the Senate, against Conkling’s persistent opposition, confirmed his successor. The state organization, in reply, marked its approbation of Cornell’s stand by nominating him for governor and he was elected.
Discharge of executive office was to work a change in Alonzo Cornell’s reputation. He had determined to give the state the best administration he could. His appointees for the purpose were men of his own choice, many of them active politicians whose qualities he knew. The reformers inferred that he was repairing the Conkling machine, the Conklingites that he was building a machine of his own. In any event it did the state’s work without scandal. His recommendations to the legislature concerned chiefly elections and state finances. Not all of them were accepted, but the state government began to receive a modern stamp. More spectacular was Cornell’s use of the veto power. Over three hundred loosely drawn acts were returned for amendment; over four hundred others, deemed unconstitutional, subversive of local government, or extravagant, failed to receive his signature, including much-lobbied measures desired by New York’s traction-mongers. From this stream of vetoes great irritation arose in the legislature, but so little outside that not one of them was overridden.
On May 19, 1881, Cornell sent in his briefest message, and the most momentous for his political career: "The Legislature is hereby respectfully notified that the two Senatorial offices by which the State of New York is entitled to representation in the Congress of the United States, are now vacant by the resignations of the late incumbents. ” Thus was indicated his determination to keep clear of the spoils squabble with President Garfield into which Senators Conkling and Platt had plunged upon the nomination of the “half breed” William H. Robertson to be collector of customs at New York.
Defeated in Washington, they had transferred their grievance to Albany, counting on the legislative influence of the Governor to secure them a political vindication. The senior senator chose to attribute his collapse to the ingratitude of “that lizard on the hill. ” Cornell openly sought renomination in 1882. His chances seemed good. Independents who had resented his first nomination had been converted by the merits of his administration, the rank and file of Republican voters were pleased, and there were experienced political managers in what the administration press called his machine. But contests were decided against Cornell delegates and the administration candidate, Charles J. Folger, was nominated.
Cornell took no farther part in politics. He engaged in business in New York, wrote a biography of his father, published in 1884, and at length returned to Ithaca, where he died on October 15, 1904.
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Cornell was twice married: on November 9, 1852 to Elen Augusta Covert, and after her death in 1893 to her widowed younger sister.