Background
Alphonse-Pierre Juin was born on December 16, 1888, at Bône (now Annaba), in French Algeria.
( Size Size of photo 7.2" x 9.5" Alphonse Pierre Juin ...)
Size Size of photo 7.2" x 9.5" Alphonse Pierre Juin getting out of the vehicle.Alphonse Pierre Juin (16 December 1888 â" 27 January 1967) was a Marshal of France. A graduate of the Saint-Cyr class of 1912, he served in Morocco in 1914 in command of native troops. Upon the outbreak of the First World War, he was sent to the Western Front in France, where he was gravely wounded in 1915. As a result of this wound, he lost the use of his right arm.After the war, he attended the École Supérieure de Guerre. He chose to serve in North Africa again. After the outbreak of the Second World War, he assumed command of a division, the 15e Division d'Infantrie Motorisée (fr). The division was encircled in the Lille pocket during the Battle of France and Juin was captured. He was a prisoner of war until he was released at the behest of the Vichy Government in 1941, and was assigned to command French forces in North Africa.After Operation Torch, the invasion of Algeria and Morocco by British and American forces in November 1942, Juin ordered French forces in Tunisia to resist the Germans and the Italians. His great skills were exhibited during the Italian campaign as commander of the French Expeditionary Corps. His expertise in mountain warfare was crucial in breaking the Gustav Line, which had held up the Allied advance for six months. it has also been alleged, however, that he instigated the Marocchinate by telling the Goumiers (in order to motivate them) that they would be allowed to rape and pillage if they succeeded in battle.Following this assignment he was Chief of Staff of French forces, and represented France at the San Francisco Conference. In 1947 he returned to Africa as the Resident General in Morocco, where he opposed Moroccan
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( Size Size of photo 9.4" x 7.2" Vintage photo of Alph...)
Size Size of photo 9.4" x 7.2" Vintage photo of Alphonse Pierre Juin riding a horse.Alphonse Pierre Juin (16 December 1888 â" 27 January 1967) was a Marshal of France. A graduate of the Saint-Cyr class of 1912, he served in Morocco in 1914 in command of native troops. Upon the outbreak of the First World War, he was sent to the Western Front in France, where he was gravely wounded in 1915. As a result of this wound, he lost the use of his right arm.After the war, he attended the École Supérieure de Guerre. He chose to serve in North Africa again. After the outbreak of the Second World War, he assumed command of a division, the 15e Division d'Infantrie Motorisée (fr). The division was encircled in the Lille pocket during the Battle of France and Juin was captured. He was a prisoner of war until he was released at the behest of the Vichy Government in 1941, and was assigned to command French forces in North Africa.After Operation Torch, the invasion of Algeria and Morocco by British and American forces in November 1942, Juin ordered French forces in Tunisia to resist the Germans and the Italians. His great skills were exhibited during the Italian campaign as commander of the French Expeditionary Corps. His expertise in mountain warfare was crucial in breaking the Gustav Line, which had held up the Allied advance for six months. it has also been alleged, however, that he instigated the Marocchinate by telling the Goumiers (in order to motivate them) that they would be allowed to rape and pillage if they succeeded in battle.Following this assignment he was Chief of Staff of French forces, and represented France at the San Francisco Conference. In 1947 he returned to Africa as the Resident General in Morocco, where he opposed Moroccan
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( Size Size of photo 7.1" x 9.5" Alphonse Pierre Juin ...)
Size Size of photo 7.1" x 9.5" Alphonse Pierre Juin (French pronunciation: âalfÉ"Ìs Ê'É¥ÉÌ; 16 December 1888 â" 27 January 1967) was a Marshal of France. A graduate of the Saint-Cyr class of 1912, he served in Morocco in 1914 in command of native troops. Upon the outbreak of the First World War, he was sent to the Western Front in France, where he was gravely wounded in 1915. As a result of this wound, he lost the use of his right arm.After the war, he attended the École Supérieure de Guerre. He chose to serve in North Africa again. After the outbreak of the Second World War, he assumed command of a division, the 15e Division d'Infantrie Motorisée (fr). The division was encircled in the Lille pocket during the Battle of France and Juin was captured. He was a prisoner of war until he was released at the behest of the Vichy Government in 1941, and was assigned to command French forces in North Africa.After Operation Torch, the invasion of Algeria and Morocco by British and American forces in November 1942, Juin ordered French forces in Tunisia to resist the Germans and the Italians. His great skills were exhibited during the Italian campaign as commander of the French Expeditionary Corps. His expertise in mountain warfare was crucial in breaking the Gustav Line, which had held up the Allied advance for six months. it has also been alleged, however, that he instigated the Marocchinate by telling the Goumiers (in order to motivate them) that they would be allowed to rape and pillage if they succeeded in battle.Following this assignment he was Chief of Staff of French forces, and represented France at the San Francisco Conference. In 1947 he returned to Africa as the Resident General in Morocco, where he opposed Moroccan attempts to
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Alphonse-Pierre Juin was born on December 16, 1888, at Bône (now Annaba), in French Algeria.
When he was six, his family moved to Constantine, where he went to primary school, and learnt Arabic from the local boys. In 1902 he was awarded a bursary to study at the Lycée d'Aumale in Constantine.
In 1909 he passed the entrance examination for the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr. At that time cadets were required to spend a year in the Army before commencing the course, so he enlisted in an Algerian regiment, quickly rising to corporal and then sergeant. He entered Saint-Cyr in 1910.
After graduating on October 1, 1912, Juin was commissioned as a sous-lieutenant in an Algerian regiment. He soon saw service in Morocco in the Zaian War, participating in the fighting around Taza. In both World War I and North Africa, where he served both before and after the war, the highly decorated Juin demonstarated almost foolhardy courage, together with unconventional tactical military brilliance.
Juin studied and taught at the École Supérieure de Guerre during 1919-1921 and 1933-1935. By 1935 he was a colonel, commanding a regiment in Algeria. He was promoted to général de brigade in 1938. Juin attended the Higher Command Course in Paris in 1938-1939, but he spent most of the interwar period with the French North African Army in staff assignments, participating in pacification campaigns.
Following the beginning of World War II in September 1939, Juin took command of the 15th Motorized Infantry Division in France in December. In the battle for France, Juin and his troopes performed well in Belgium and northern France, covering the Allied retreat to Dunkerque and helping to make possible the evacuation there. Captured by the Germans on May 30, Juin was repatriated, at the insistence of Général de Division Maxime Weygand, in June 1941. Sent by the Vichy government as a général de division to North Africa, Juin commander French troops in Marocco, and as a général de corps in November and then général d'armée he commanded French troops in Algeria and Tunisia as well. Juin worked to build up his forces so that they could defend North Africa against any invader. He had no advance knowledge of the Anglo-American North African landings in November 1942, but later that month he was instrumental in persuading Admiral Jean Darlan to order a ceasefire.
Briefly heading the French army detachment on the Tunisian front during 1942-1943, Juin was soon occupied with the preparation of the French Expeditionary Corps, which deployed to Italy in November 1943. To command this corps, Juin accepted a voluntary reduction in rank to général de corps. In Italy he established a good working relationship with the US. Fifth Army‘s temperamentally difficult commander. Lieutenant General Mark W. Clark. Jluin convinced Clark and his superior, British general Sir Harold Alexander, to take advantage of his colonial North African troops’ expertise in mountain warfare. The FEC displayed its mettle (from January I944) and played a decisive role in the Allied breakthrough of the German Gustav Line to Rome in May. Outflanking the Germans in the Apennines, the French Expeditionary Corps enabled the Allied capture of Monte Cassino (May) and Siena and Florence (July). Juin was arguably the ablest Allied commander in the Italian campaign of 1943—1945.
Juin favored reinforcing Allied troops in Italy, but General de Gaulle, head of the
Fighting France government in exile, insisted on French participation in the scheduled Allied landings in southern France and ordered Juin to relinquish his troops to General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny for that purpose. De Gaulle later wrote that de Lattre was better suited than the colonial Juin to lead soldiers in metropolitan France, but there has been speculation that he preferred that no single general except himself emerge from the war as France’s principal military hero.
Juin served as chief of the French defense staff during 1944—1947, resident general in Morocco during 1947-1951, inspector general of the armed forces in 1951, and commander of North Atlantic Treaty Organization land forces, Central Europe, during 1951-1956. Made a marshal of France on July 14, 1952, Juin, a staunch French nationalist, outspokenly opposed independence for Morocco and later for Algeria and was embittered by de Gaulle’s decision to grant Algerian independence in 1962, leading to Juin's retirement that same year. He died in Paris on January 27, 1967.
Alphonse-Pierre Juin was an officer of the French army who became a leading Free French commander in World War II.
Alphonse Juin received a lot of honours and awards, among them are knighthood (December 10, 1914), Military Medal, War Cross 1914–1918, 1914–1918 Inter-Allied Victory medal, 1914–1918 Commemorative war medal, War Cross 1939–1945, War Cross for foreign operational theatres, Colonial Medal, Grand Cross of the Order of Malta, Grand Cross of the Order of Léopold, U. S. Army Distinguished Service Medal, Order of Ouissam Alaouite, Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath, Order of the Cross of Grunwald (July 16, 1946).
( Size Size of photo 7.2" x 9.5" Alphonse Pierre Juin ...)
( Size Size of photo 9.4" x 7.2" Vintage photo of Alph...)
( Size Size of photo 7.1" x 9.5" Alphonse Pierre Juin ...)
In 1928 Alphonse Juin married Marie Gabrielle Cécile Bonnefoy. They had two sons, Pierre and Michel.
Victor Pierre Juin was soldier who became a gendarme after 15 years of military service.
Marie Gabrielle Cécile Bonnefoy was the daughter of an Army veterinary surgeon who had moved to Constantine and become a businessman.
