Background
Andrews Norton was born on December 31, 1786 in Hingham, Massachussets, United States. He was the youngest child of Samuel and Jane (Andrews) Norton, and a descendant of William, a brother of Reverend John Norton.
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Andrews Norton was born on December 31, 1786 in Hingham, Massachussets, United States. He was the youngest child of Samuel and Jane (Andrews) Norton, and a descendant of William, a brother of Reverend John Norton.
Norton graduated from Harvard College in 1804.
Norton preached for a brief period in Augusta, Maine, taught for a year at Bowdoin College, in 1811 was appointed tutor at Cambridge, and in 1813 librarian of Harvard College and lecturer on the Bible. In 1819 he became Dexter Professor of Sacred Literature in the Harvard Divinity School. He resigned his professorship in 1830, but continued his literary and theological work at Cambridge until his death, which occurred twenty-three years later at his summer residence at Newport, Rhode Island.
In 1852 he published a volume entitled Tracts on Christianity, a collection of essays and discourses previously printed in various forms. After his death Internal Evidences of the Genuineness of the Gospels (1855), which among other things contained a critique of Strauss' Life of Jesus, and Translation of the Gospels with Notes, appeared.
He established and wrote for the short-lived General Repository and Review (January 1812 - October 1813), and contributed many reviews to the Christian Examiner and several to the North American Review. In 1833 he printed A Statement of Reasons for not Believing the Doctrines of Trinitarians. His address in 1839, On the Latest Form of Infidelity, was commonly interpreted as a reply to Emerson's famous Divinity School Address of the preceding year.
By many persons who know nothing of Norton's substantial achievements its unfortunate title has been remembered to the disparagement of his just reputation.
He edited Poems by Mrs. Hemans (1826 - 28). A volume of his own poems, Verses, was published in the year of his death. His poetry was of a reserved and formal type, reminiscent of the eighteenth century, but two of his hymns, "My God, I thank thee! may no thought E'er deem thy chastisements severe" (1809), and "Where ancient forests round us spread" (1833) are to be found in modern hymnbooks.
Andrews Norton lived in Cambridge at "Shady Hill, " a mansion which he erected about the time of his marriage, and which, during the life of his son, became widely known as a center of influence in art and letters.
Andrews Norton became an agent of conservative reaction against Transcendentalism. His most important work was his treatise on The Evidences of the Genuineness of the Gospels. This work, dealing with the history of the New Testament canon on the basis of a careful investigation of the evidence outside the Bible itself, was one of the earliest studies of Biblical literature from the critical point of view to be published in America. It brought him wide recognition as a scholar, and was an influential contribution to theological literature.
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Norton was actively concerned in the theological controversies of the time, in which, with a certain fastidiousness of thought and statement, he occupied the position of conservative Unitarianism. But, while he accepted the point of view of liberal Christianity, he was disinclined to enter any associations formed on denominational lines.
Norton was an independent and solitary thinker, but his learning enabled him to speak with an authority possessed by few American scholars of his generation, and his influence upon the literary and religious life of his time was constructive and beneficent, thanks to the clarity of his thought and the integrity of his character.
On May 21, 1821 Norton married Catharine, daughter of Samuel Eliot of Boston. They had six children, of whom four survived infancy. One of these, Charles Eliot Norton, became a distinguished scholar, and another, Grace Norton, was well-known for her work on Montaigne.
