(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
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(Additional Editor Is Quincy Wright.)
Additional Editor Is Quincy Wright.
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philanthropist Political activist
Anita Blaine was born on July 4, 1866, in Manchester, Vermont, United States, the fourth of seven children of Cyrus Hall McCormick, inventor of the mechanical reaper, and Nancy Marie Fowler McCormick, a philanthropist. Her family lived in Chicago, where the McCormick harvester firm was located, but traveled frequently.
Blaine was educated by governesses and tutors in Europe and in New York City. She also attended a private school in Neuilly, France, and the Kirkland School in Chicago.
Anita Blaine's interest in education began in 1897, when she enrolled her son in the laboratory school of the Cook County Normal School. She admired its director, Francis Wayland Parker, a progressive pedagogue who had won national attention as superintendent of schools in Quincy, Massachussets, and from 1899 to 1901 she supported the Chicago Institute, under Parker's direction, as a model teacher-training institute with an experimental practice school. In 1901 Anita Blaine founded, in Chicago, the Francis W. Parker School, to which she ultimately contributed $3 million; in 1904 she also gave $2 million to found the school of education of the University of Chicago. She served on the Chicago Board of Education from 1905 to 1907.
Anita Blaine believed, as had her parents (particularly her mother), that wealth was a trust to be used to help others. Charitable giving for religious purposes was a family tradition: her father, a Presbyterian, had endowed Chicago's McCormick Theological Seminary. Like her mother, she extended the family philanthropy upon less doctrinal lines, supporting a wide range of liberal causes. Her interests gradually widened from education, child welfare, and social reform to encompass world peace and the League of Nations. In 1918, the year in which her son died in the influenza epidemic, Anita Blaine set up a trust fund to aid the League on the condition that the United States be an active participant in it.
Anita Blaine's charity was international in scope. In 1943 she established a $100, 000 trust fund for China's war orphans. In 1947, concerned about a mine disaster in Centralia, Illinois, she gave financial aid to the families of the 112 victims. The following year she contributed $1, 043, 475, to establish the Foundation for World Peace; in May 1949 she helped found a New York City tabloid, the Daily Compass, to propagandize toward the same end, and she eventually contributed more than $2 million to the paper before it failed in November 1952. She gave $50, 000 to the American Veterans Committee, in memory of her son, in 1949. On her death she left an estate of some $38 million, of which she willed $20 million to institutions chosen by the New World Foundation, which she endowed.
During her life Anita Blaine subsidized the launch of a number of progressive political causes, including Chicago's Francis W. Parker Elementary School, the New World Foundation, the Progressive Party, and the radical New York newspaper, the National Guardian. In all, she gave away more than $10 million during her lifetime.
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
(Additional Editor Is Quincy Wright.)
In 1920, Blaine took part in the presidential campaign of James M. Cox. Although she had earlier vacillated in her political affiliation, after her Republican husband's death she became a liberal Democrat - a position in marked contrast to that of her conservative cousin, Robert R. McCormick, the publisher of the Chicago Tribune. In 1936 she financed full-page newspaper advertisements supporting the reelection of Franklin D. Roosevelt; she also gave $50, 000 to the Progressive party when it nominated Henry A. Wallace for president in 1948.
Before or about the time she was twenty, Anita McCormick dropped the middle name that had been given her because of her mother's admiration for the French empress Eugenie. Her granddaughter, Nancy Blaine Harrison - to whom she was devoted - has described her gaiety, humor, and enjoyment in giving parties. Obituaries noted that Anita Blaine disliked personal publicity and photographers but "loved hat pins (the best way to keep a hat on) and newspaper ads (the best way to explain political views). "
On September 26, 1889, Anita McCormick married Emmons Blaine, an attorney and the son of Secretary of State James Gillespie Blaine. Their son, Emmons, Jr. , was born in 1890, and two years later, on June 18, 1892, Blaine died.
