(A presente edição reúne os volumes I a VI da obra "Discur...)
A presente edição reúne os volumes I a VI da obra "Discursos e Notas Políticas"de Oliveira Salazar. Foi critério do editor apresentar neste livro as últimas edições publicadas pelo autor na Coimbra Editora, entre os anos de 1945 e 1967. Os textos do autor, não obstante agora reunidos e repaginados num único volume, correspondem integralmente às versões acima referidas, sem quaisquer revisões ortográficas para além de pontuais correcções de evidentes erros ortográficos das publicações originais. Por especial autorização dos seus representantes, insere-se, autonomamente no final desta obra, o último discurso conhecido do autor e nunca antes editado, proferido em 30 de Novembro de 1967, por ocasião da homenagem que nessa mesma data lhe foi prestada pelos Municípios de Moçambique. Por último, no intuito de facilitar a pesquisa de assuntos e de contribuir para uma melhor leitura e interpretação da obra na sua globalidade, publica-se um índice de nomes próprios, de frequência e de palavras, da autoria do Professor Doutor Telmo Verdelho. Oliveira Salazar - Discursos e Notas Políticas de António de Oliveira Salazar
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(António de Oliveira Salazar "é nome de homem e de regime"...)
António de Oliveira Salazar "é nome de homem e de regime", como bem dizem os organizadores no seu prefácio. "Sábio, sóbrio, corajoso, a ponto de os próprios adversários lhe reconhecerem, em vida, um carácter impoluto", continuam. Foi também um pensador, reflectindo em muitos dos seus textos sobre a sua ideia para Portugal. É neste livro, uma valiosa antologia já em terceira edição, que melhor se encontram as reflexões de um homem incontornável na História de Portugal, escritas com a mestria que poucos sabem que possuía. Pensamento e Doutrina Política de António de Oliveira Salazar
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http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B008GD4NSI/?tag=2022091-20
(A very good copy, light soiling on front wrapper, leaves ...)
A very good copy, light soiling on front wrapper, leaves browning. First edition. Stapled paper wrappers. 8vo. 37 pp. Salazar was the Prime Minister of Portugal and the declaration was broadcast on August 12, 1963.
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António de Oliveira Salazar was born on April 28, 1889, in Vimieiro near Santa Comba Dão in the province of Beira Alta. His parents, owners of several small estates, as well as innkeepers, were António de Oliveira and María de Resgate Salazar.
His parents, despite financial problems, saw to it that Salazar was well educated. He entered the seminary of Viseu in 1900, but after 8 years of religious training he decided to teach. In 1910 he began to study economics at the University of Coimbra, spending 4 years there as a student.
Salazar was conferred with the following academic distinctions: Oxford University, 1939, Honorary Degree of Doctor of Civil Law and Fordham University, 1938, Honorary Doctorate of Law.
He obtained a chair of political economy in 1918. A knowledge of economics was valuable in underdeveloped Portugal, and soon Salazar was well known by the government for his monetary skills.
The emergence of Salazar as a national figure came at a difficult moment in Portuguese history. After more than a century of economic difficulties tied to imperial decline, political life had degenerated badly. The double assassination of Carlos I and the crown prince in February 1908 and the overthrow of Manuel II in October 1910 had led to creation of a republic which in the 16 years of its existence went from crisis to crisis. The University of Coimbra furnished many republican leaders in the first phase of the period, but spread of a deeper radicalism engendered a conservative reaction led by António Sardinha. He sought an "organic monarchy" that would be traditionalist and antiparliamentary, but chaos prevented any success.
In the stalemate after 1918 Salazar's star rose. In January 1921 Salazar was one of three Catholic deputies elected to the Parliament, but turmoil was still so great that he attended only a few sessions before returning to the university. However, in May 1926, when a military dictatorship overthrew the republic, Salazar was offered the Ministry of Economic Affairs. He refused the position until 1928, when he received great powers which made him the most important figure in the government.
The national policy emerged during 1929 in the wake of Portugal's newfound stability, when Salazar's reforms stood the test of the Depression. The military leaders of the dictatorship no longer had as much prestige or interest in ruling, and Salazar informally became the strongest man in the regime. He immediately began to write a new constitution which was approved by plebiscite on March 19, 1933.
His anticommunism brought Portugal into NATO in 1949 and won him backing to join the United Nations at the same time.
The postwar period, despite these successes, was troubled, first because of domestic economic difficulties and then because of colonial unrest in Angola and Mozambique. Government mismanagement of both problems led to renewal of opposition to Salazar's dictatorship in 1956. Two years later, an opposition candidate, Humberto Delgado, polled a quarter million votes for the presidency, which Salazar had occupied since 1951. The PIDE became more active, but the opposition continued to grow until 1965, when Delgado was assassinated in Spain. By that time Draconian measures in the colonies diminished the drive for independence to the point where there was less unrest in metropolitan Portugal, although vestiges of opposition continued to manifest themselves spasmodically until September 1968, when Salazar was incapacitated by a massive brain hemorrhage. His 36-year rule thus came to an end on September 27, when Marcelo Caetano of the National Union replaced him in the premiership. Salazar died on July 27, 1970, in Lisbon.
The government of the Portuguese statesman António de Oliveira Salazar was considered to be the very model of a modern authoritarian political system.
He received several distinctions from countries including France, Germany, Belgium, Poland, Romania and Spain.
The bridge across the Tagus connecting Lisbon to Almada was named Bridge Salazar upon completion. Built by the Estado Novo 6 months ahead of schedule and under budget, it was the 5th longest suspension bridge in the world and the longest outside of USA. It was then renamed '25 April Bridge'. Stadium Salazar, a noteworthy multi-purpose stadium built in Mozambique during the Estado Novo, was named after Salazar. With 1975's new government it began to degrade. It was renamed Stadium of Machava. Many places across the country (streets, avenues, squares) were named after Salazar. They were renamed since 1974, specially in district capitals. Around 20 localities still reference Salazar today. There are also some azulejos with quotes of Salazar.
In popular culture, Salazar's Cake (Bolo de Salazar) is the name given to a cake that Salazar used to eat sometimes. It is cheap and simple, perhaps with similarities to sponge cake. Kitchen cake spatulas are sometimes referred to as 'Salazar' in Portugal for their effectiveness in not leaving any residue behind.
A wine brand called Terras de Salazar ("Lands of Salazar") was approved in 2011 by the national institute. It never reached the market due to the owner's economic troubles. In 2012, the City Council of Salazar's hometown Santa Comba Dão announced a brand called Memories of Salazar for a range of regional products, notably wine. It was rejected by the same institute for offensiveness and the possibility of public disorder. The Mayor claimed the refusal was ridiculous and will not give up or drop the name Salazar from future brand name proposals. He is considering submitting Vineyards of Salazar, as "memories" of the regime could be one reason to add to the refusal.
The brand Salazar - O Obreiro da Pátria ("Salazar – Fatherland's Workman") is registered and runs the website www. oliveirasalazar. org, an archive of various documents related to Salazar.
Salazaroriginated the HCESAR keyboard layout, introduced by means of a decree of 17. July 1937.
(António de Oliveira Salazar "é nome de homem e de regime"...)
(A presente edição reúne os volumes I a VI da obra "Discur...)
(A very good copy, light soiling on front wrapper, leaves ...)
His economic thought was strongly influenced by Catholic corporatism and Leo XIII's Rerum novarum. He favored joint labor-management industrial commissions, compulsory arbitration, and Catholic trade unions.
Salazar's reforms brought some national stability by prohibiting the import of foreign goods, cutting the state budget, and developing a new tax system. Soon he turned to a revision of the structure of government itself. "In an administrative system in which lack of sincerity and clarity were evident, " he said, "the first requirement is a policy of truth. In a social order in which rights were competitive and unaccompanied by equivalent duties, the crying need is for a policy of sacrifice. And in a nation divided against itself by groups and clashing interests which threatened its unity, the main need is a national policy. "
His constitution created a corporative state divided by levels into sindicatos (government unions by industry), gremios (guilds of employers), and ordens (white-collar organizations). Each of these handled welfare arrangements, employment of their members, and vocational training and negotiated national wage agreements. Each was also guided by special government secretariats that dictated policy. A fourth level was made up by the armed forces, although here there was more autonomy in honor of the role played by the services in establishing the new regime. All four levels elected representatives who then chose deputies for the national Parliament, giving the franchise to the corporative institutions rather than to the national electorate—a variation of the indirect franchise. Salazar's motto was "control by stability, " which was facilitated further by the provision that only his National Union party had official status. The president of the party became president of the republic with enormous executive powers, not the least being control of the newly established secret police, the PIDE.
Much of his structure had been modeled on Mussolini's Italy, and Salazar remained diplomatically close to Mussolini in the 1930s. He intrigued several times against the Spanish Republic, and when the Civil War broke out in Spain, he recognized Franco's Nationalists in December 1937. Portugal supplied funds and arms to the Burgos government until the end of the war, and on March 17, 1939, a pact of friendship and nonaggression was signed between the two countries which pledged eternal opposition to communism and created an "Iberian bloc" linking them together against outside attack. For Portugal it was the first time since 1640 that it had cooperated directly with Spain, but even so Salazar was restrained by long-standing treaties with Great Britain, which kept him from closer cooperation with either Franco or Mussolini. Portugal, as a result, remained correctly neutral during World War II until 1943, when Salazar granted the Allies bases in Portuguese territory.
Quotations:
“All for the nation, nothing against the nation. ”
“All for the nation, nothing against the nation. ”
“God, Homeland, Family. ”
“Do not discuss God and virtue. Do not discuss the homeland and its history. Do not discuss the authority and prestige. Do not discuss the family and its moral. Not discuss the glory of work and their duty. ”
“In politics, what appears is. ”
“I know what I want, and where to go. ”
“Half a dozen slaps the time. ”
“To Angola, quickly and with strength!”
“Do not discuss God and his reason, does not discuss the motherland and the nation. ”
“Teach your children to work, teach your daughters modesty, teach all the virtue of economy. And if not make them saints, at least make them Christians. ”
“The day I leave the power, inside my pockets will only be dust. ”
“Those who can, must obey. ”
He was a misanthrope.
Salazar loved opera.
He lived a very secretly life. His personal life was a state secret, absolutely impenetrable for the press. The dictator appeared in the public extremely rarely. However, it is reliably known that he was never married, was an inveterate bachelop. But he often appeared in opera in the company of young girls.
(17 January 1839 – 28 September 1932)
(23 October 1845 – 17 November 1926)
She was an elementary school teacher.
She married Abel Pais de Sousa in 1887, brother of Mário Pais de Sousa, who served as Salazar's Interior Minister.
Professor, 100th Prime Minister of Portugal
