Career
Four different sources speak of Saint Apollonius of Rome:
a record of the trial incorporated into the Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius of Caesarea (265-340);
chapters 40 and 42 of the De Viris Illustribus by Saint Jerome (347-420),
two versions of the Passio of Apollonius, one Greek, the other Armenian, which were discovered in the late 19th century. These sources present Apollonius as an illustrious Roman, even, it seems, a senator, and an exceedingly talented man, well versed in philosophy. He was denounced as a Christian to the Pretorian Prefect Perennius.
As a result, he was condemned to death on the basis of the law established by the Emperor Trajan.
The sources say he was subjected to two investigations, the first by the Prefect Perennius, the second, three days later, by a group of senators and jurists. The hearings were conducted in a calm and courteous manner.
Apollonius was permitted to speak with only rare interruptions, aimed at getting him to tone down his remarks, which were making him liable to punishment. The sources disagree on the manner of his death.
The Greek Passio says he died after having his legs crushed, a punishment inflicted also on the slave who denounced him.
But in the Armenian account he is decapitated. Apollonius was not mentioned in the earliest Christian martyrologies, not being at first the object of individual commemoration. In the Middle Ages he was confused with two other saints, Apollo of Alexandria and the Apollonius who was martyred with Saint Valentine and whose feast is on 18 April.
As a result, this date was attributed also to Saint Apollonius of Rome, even in editions of the Roman Martyrology, the latest editions of which have, however, restored the date of 21 April.
The account in the Roman Martyrology (21 April) is as follows:
At Rome, commemoration of Saint Apollonius, philosopher and martyr.
