Truck farming at the South: a guide to the raising of vegetables for northern markets
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Books about Science discusses the knowl...)
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The Life History, Propagation and Protection of the American Oyster; An Essay Read Before the Georgia Historical Society
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This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
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Arminius Oemler was an American physician, agriculturist, and promoter of the oyster industry in Georgia.
Background
Arminius Oemler was born on September 12, 1827, at Savannah, Georgia, son of Augustus Gottlieb and Mary Ann (Shad) Oemler, daughter of Maj. Solomon Sigismond Shad of Revolutionary fame. Augustus was born in Hettstedt, Germany, son of a Lutheran pastor, a direct descendant of Nicholas Oemler, who married Martin Luther's sister, and to whom Luther dedicated his translation of the Bible. He came to America when he was about eighteen and settled in Savannah, Georgia. He was a pharmacist, botanist, and entomologist, and from him Arminius inherited his scientific tastes. His mother died when he was eight years old.
Education
Arminius first attended school at the Chatham Academy in Savannah, but when he was about twelve his father took him to Germany. During 1846 to 1848 he was a student at the Dresden Technische Bildungsanstalt. After graduating with honors he returned to Savannah and began the study of medicine in the office of Dr. Stephen N. Harris, continuing it at the University of the City of New York, from which he received the degree of M. D. in 1856.
Career
After graduating from the University, Arminius began to practise in Savannah. Oemler practised medicine for only a short time, since the strain on his sympathies affected his health. He was advised to lead an outdoor life and decided to take up farming. When the Civil War broke out he joined the Confederate army and was made captain of the Second Company of DeKalb Riflemen. He was soon afterwards placed in the engineering corps under Major McCreary and assigned to the duty of making topographical maps, being stationed at the fortifications of Savannah. He made the first map of Chatham County. After the close of the war he went to live on his plantation ("The Shad"), Wilmington Island, near Savannah, where he engaged in truck farming.
He was among the first to introduce scientific diversified farming into the South and was president of the Chatham County, Georgia, Fruit and Vegetable Growers Association. His book entitled Truck Farming at the South, published first in 1883, was for many years the chief authority on the subject, later editions being published in 1888, 1900, and 1903. An article by him on "Truck Farming" appeared in Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture, 1885. He also wrote for the American Agriculturist and Meehan's Monthly. For several years he was inspector of fertilizers in Savannah. In his scientific investigations he anticipated by two years the discovery, made in 1888 by Hellriegel and Wilfarth in Germany, of the presence of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the nodules of leguminous plants. In a letter to the United States Department of Agriculture, May 30, 1886, he expressed the conviction that such bacteria exist. In reply, the chemist of the Department wrote him as follows: "Your idea that clover or cow-peas or any kind of plant might possibly be a source of utilizing the free nitrogen of the air must be regarded at the present time as untenable. " This reply discouraged Oemler from further experiments along this line and thus he lost the credit which otherwise might have been his for this important discovery.
Oemler's broad scientific knowledge is further attested by the fact that he was well known among American entomologists of his day as a keen entomological observer. With his son Augustus he launched on Wilmington Island the first commercial oyster packing plant in the South. After six years' investigation of the oyster industry he presented his findings in an essay entitled "The Life History, Propagation, and Protection of the American Oyster, " which he read before the Georgia Historical Society, March 4 and April 1, 1889, in the interest of a proposed bill for the protection and development of the oyster industry of Georgia. This presentation of facts was largely instrumental in influencing the legislature to enact the "Georgia Oyster Law" (1889). At the World's Fisheries Congress in 1893 he read a paper on the "Past, Present, and Future of the Oyster Industry of Georgia. " Through his various public-spirited activities he contributed much both to this industry and to the agricultural development of the South.
Oemler died at the Savannah Hospital after a brief illness caused by an apoplectic stroke, and was buried at Wilmington Island.
Achievements
Arminius Oemler was the first who introduced scientific diversified farming into the S.
In his scientific investigations Oemler anticipated by two years the discovery of the presence of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the nodules of leguminous plants.
Arminius launched the first commercial oyster packing plant in the S.
Oemler's most important agricultural works: "Truck Farming at the South" (1883); article "Truck Farming" (1885); essay "The Life History, Propagation, and Protection of the American Oyster" (1889); essay "Past, Present, and Future of the Oyster Industry of Georgia" (1893).
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This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
Membership
Arminius Oemler was president of the Fruit and Vegetable Growers Association, Chatham County, Georgia.
Connections
On April 10, 1856, Arminius Oemler married Elizabeth P. Heyward, daughter of John and Constantia Pritchard Heyward of Charleston and Grahamsville. To them were born six children, three boys and three girls.
Father:
Augustus Gottlieb Oemler
He was born in Hettstedt, Germany, son of a Lutheran pastor, a direct descendant of Nicholas Oemler, who married Martin Luther's sister, and to whom Luther dedicated his translation of the Bible. He came to America when he was about eighteen and settled in Savannah, Georgia. He was a pharmacist, botanist, and entomologist, and from him Arminius inherited his scientific tastes.
Mother:
Mary Ann (Shad) Oemler
She was a daughter of Maj. Solomon Sigismond Shad of Revolutionary fame.
