Background
Arthur Louis Day was born on October 30, 1869 in Brookfield, Massachusetts. He was the son of Daniel Putnam Day and Fannie Maria Hobbs.
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(Originally published in 1905. This volume from the Cornel...)
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geophysicist scientist volcanologist
Arthur Louis Day was born on October 30, 1869 in Brookfield, Massachusetts. He was the son of Daniel Putnam Day and Fannie Maria Hobbs.
After two years of tutoring by an energetic high school teacher, Day entered Yale and in 1892 graduated from the Sheffield Scientific School of the university with the Bachelor of Arts. He was then appointed Sloane fellow in physics and earned the Ph. D. in 1894. While at Yale, Day became acquainted with Josiah Willard Gibbs, who greatly influenced the scientific focus of his career.
He taught for three years at Sheffield, then sought a wider experience at the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt in Berlin, then one of the best-equipped physics laboratories in the world.
In 1894 and 1895 Day worked with German physicist Friedrich Kohlrausch studying the conductive properties of electrolytes. From 1897-1900 he worked at Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt in Berlin and began his study of thermometry.
He worked with the U. S. Geological Survey from 1900-1907 studying the properties of rocks and minerals at very high and low temperatures.
Three major scientific investigations were pioneered by Day at the United States Geological Survey. The first was the extension of the standard thermometer scale from 1200 to 1600, a task that he started at the Reichsanstalt, mainly with Ludwig Holborn. The nitrogen gas thermometer scale remains the thermodynamic standard and is still in use at the Geophysical Laboratory. The scale was essential for progress in studying the thermal behavior of common minerals that melt at very high temperatures.
In a second investigation Day, with the help of Eugene T. Allen and Joseph P. Iddings, measured the thermal stability of the major feldspar solid-solution series, albite-anorthite, using the cooling-curve method. The feldspars constitute 60 percent of the igneous rocks in the earth's crust. That classic study, reconfirmed several times with only relatively minor changes, contained a wealth of detailed observations on crystal growth.
The third investigation was the initiation of a major plan to study the physicochemical behavior of phases in systems of important oxides in the earth's crust. The first of these systems was calcium oxide-silica, which was expanded in 1911 to include alumina, the portland cement system. These major oxide systems now constitute a major source of fundamental information important not only to geology but also to the steel, cement, and glass industries.
In 1921 Day was appointed chairman of the new Advisory Committee in Seismology of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. With his flair for organization, he mobilized one of the largest cooperative efforts in American science to study the earthquakes in southern California. The high level of seismology in the United States can be attributed in large measure to his efforts.
Day's organizational ability was recognized by his fellow scientists.
Day served as the director of the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution for Science from 1907 until his retirement in 1936. From 1933-1941 he served as vice president of the National Academy of Sciences. He was president of The Geological Society of America in 1938.
Following his retirement, he traveled to New Zealand to continue his study of seismology and geothermal energy. He studied the area's volcanic areas until he had to stop his research in 1946 due to poor health.
He died on March 2, 1960 in Washington.
(Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We h...)
(Originally published in 1905. This volume from the Cornel...)
Day was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1911 and served as home secretary (1913-1918) and vice-president (1933-1941).
Day was a formal yet cordial person of great charm and dignity. His co-workers described him as shy and sensitive. Many associates recalled his help and kindness, especially during the Great Depression. He was a polished lecturer whose talks were usually based on firsthand observations and were documented with hand-colored photographic slides. As an administrator he gave his staff members complete freedom to do their research provided they were willing to accept the responsibilities of scientific leadership. A leader of scientists, he attracted an illustrious staff and established an environment of sound scholarship.
On August 20, 1900, Day married Helene Kohlrausch, daughter of the director of the Reichsanstalt. They had four children.
During World War I his marriage was severely strained, presumably by his wife's outspoken pro-German sentiments. When the war ended she returned to Germany; they divorced in 1931.
Day married Ruth Sarah Easling, his secretary, on March 27, 1933. They had no children.