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Arthur Erastus Holt was born on November 23, 1876 in Longmont, Colorado, United States. He was the eldest of three children of Asa Dutton Holt and Fanny (Merrill) Holt, upstate New Yorkers of New England descent who had joined the famous colony of Horace Greeley in the W. Asa Holt was a devout Presbyterian and a leader in organizing cooperative milling and irrigation facilities in the community.
While an undergraduate at Colorado College, Holt decided on a career of Christian service. After graduating in 1898, he enrolled at the Yale Divinity School but, finding it "stuffy, " moved the next year to the new University of Chicago Divinity School, attracted by its vigorous spirit of inquiry.
At Chicago, Holt worked particularly with Prof. Gerald Birney Smith, under whom he completed his Ph. D. in 1904. During his final year at the University of Chicago, Holt had taken courses at McCormick Theological Seminary (Presbyterian), from which he received the Bachelor of Divinity degree in 1904.
In 1904 Holt was ordained in the Congregational ministry. For the next fifteen years Holt served in a succession of parishes: Congregational churches in Pueblo, Colorado (1904-1909), and Manhattan, Kansas (1909-1916), and a Presbyterian church in Fort Worth, Texas (1916-1919). His pastoral work was characterized by a strong ecumenicity, concern for the social services of the church, and continued interest in rural problems.
In 1919 Holt became secretary of the Congregational Education Society's Social Service Department and moved to its headquarters in Boston. The department sought to foster an awareness of social problems through books, pamphlets, study courses, and the like; Holt's writings for it, including two study guides, Social Work in the Churches (1922) and Christian Fellowship and Modern Industry (1923), were widely distributed. In 1924 Holt was called to the Chicago Theological Seminary (Congregational) to succeed Graham Taylor as professor of social ethics. Receiving a parallel appointment (1925) in the University of Chicago Divinity School (with which the seminary was affiliated), he also assumed responsibility for the university's doctoral program in social ethics. This dual appointment brought him into direct contact with the research-oriented social sciences; he held it for the rest of his life.
To his teaching Holt brought a contagious enthusiasm. He added to the seminary's curriculum an innovative course in "Social and Religious Research and Survey, " into which he presently brought as co-instructor Samuel C. Kincheloe, a Disciples of Christ minister who had taken a doctorate in sociology at the University of Chicago. In 1929-1930 he was sent by the Y. M. C. A. and the Y. W. C. A. to undertake a study of their work in India, Burma, and Ceylon. Holt played his most important national role at the Congregational General Council of 1934 when he was the prime mover in the creation of the Congregational Council for Social Action. This major denominational agency was intended as a vehicle for cooperating with movements for social justice outside the churches. Holt was made chairman; but conservative opposition stirred up by a resolution adopted at the same General Council committing the church to work toward abolition of the profit system weakened his position, and he stepped down in 1936.
Holt's uniqueness among leaders in the Social Gospel movement derived from his predominant concern with rural life. He insisted that the greatest problem facing Americans was to establish a larger conception of justice that would include agrarian groups. Especially indicative of this lifelong emphasis were the articles he wrote for the Christian Century during the 1930s, numbering more than a score, in which he sympathetically interpreted current farmers' protests and the New Deal's farm program. Unfortunately, he never attained full rapport with urban America, and many of his writings were marked by biting criticisms of urban life, which he saw as controlled by the "trader classes, " and by nostalgia for the primary, face-to-face relationships of the decentralized community.
In his books he combined the roles of religious sociologist and of prophet of social justice. The Bible as a Community Book (1920) interpreted the history of Israel as a struggle between rural, tribal values and the corruptions of increasing contact with urban trade centers, culminating in the message of the prophets and Jesus, which universalized the earlier values of family and tribe. Similarly, in The Fate of the Family in the Modern World (1936) he attributed to an individualism rooted in urbanization and industrialization the blame for family disintegration. In This Nation Under God (1939) and Christian Roots of Democracy in America (1941) he challenged Americans to fulfill the promise of a community of social justice in order to survive the threats of fascism and communism.
Early in 1942, a few months before his scheduled retirement, Holt died suddenly of a coronary thrombosis in his study in Chicago. His ashes were buried at Merom, Indiana, the site of the Merom Institute for the study of rural problems which he had been instrumental in establishing in 1936 and to which he had sent his students for rural parish field work.
Holt was a prominent Congregational clergyman who added to the seminary's curriculum an innovative course in "Social and Religious Research and Survey. " Within the Chicago community Holt conducted a variety of surveys--social analyses of individual churches and their membership, a community-wide survey of church distribution, studies of distressed dairy farmers and the city's unemployed.
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
(This book was digitized and reprinted from the collection...)
(This is a pre-1923 historical reproduction that was curat...)
Holt was a member of the Congregational church.
On December 27, 1904, Holt married Grace Louise Bradshaw of Chicago. Their children were Frances Merrill, John Bradshaw, and Florence Eugenie.
