( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
https://www.amazon.com/St-Clair-Papers-Revolutionary-Correspondence/dp/1376009242?SubscriptionId=AKIAJRRWTH346WSPOAFQ&tag=prabook-20&linkCode=sp1&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=1376009242
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
https://www.amazon.com/Narrative-Ninety-One-Conducted-Statements-Secretary/dp/1377849147?SubscriptionId=AKIAJRRWTH346WSPOAFQ&tag=prabook-20&linkCode=sp1&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=1377849147
(Title: The St. Clair papers : the life and public service...)
Title: The St. Clair papers : the life and public services of Arthur St. Clair, soldier of the Revolutionary War, president of the Continental Congress, and governor of the North-Western Territory, with his correspondence and other papers. Author: Clair Arthur St Publisher: Gale, Sabin Americana Description: Based on Joseph Sabin's famed bibliography, Bibliotheca Americana, Sabin Americana, 1500--1926 contains a collection of books, pamphlets, serials and other works about the Americas, from the time of their discovery to the early 1900s. Sabin Americana is rich in original accounts of discovery and exploration, pioneering and westward expansion, the U.S. Civil War and other military actions, Native Americans, slavery and abolition, religious history and more. Sabin Americana offers an up-close perspective on life in the western hemisphere, encompassing the arrival of the Europeans on the shores of North America in the late 15th century to the first decades of the 20th century. Covering a span of over 400 years in North, Central and South America as well as the Caribbean, this collection highlights the society, politics, religious beliefs, culture, contemporary opinions and momentous events of the time. It provides access to documents from an assortment of genres, sermons, political tracts, newspapers, books, pamphlets, maps, legislation, literature and more. Now for the first time, these high-quality digital scans of original works are available via print-on-demand, making them readily accessible to libraries, students, independent scholars, and readers of all ages. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to insure edition identification: ++++ SourceLibrary: Huntington Library DocumentID: SABCP00167801 CollectionID: CTRG10146533-B PublicationDate: 18820101 SourceBibCitation: Selected Americana from Sabin's Dictionary of books relating to America Notes: Includes index. Collation: 2 v. : maps, ports. ; 24 cm
https://www.amazon.com/St-Clair-papers-Revolutionary-Continental/dp/1275778216?SubscriptionId=AKIAJRRWTH346WSPOAFQ&tag=prabook-20&linkCode=sp1&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=1275778216
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
https://www.amazon.com/St-Clair-Papers-Revolutionary-Correspondence/dp/1146806191?SubscriptionId=AKIAJRRWTH346WSPOAFQ&tag=prabook-20&linkCode=sp1&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=1146806191
(Excerpt from A Narrative of the Manner in Which the Campa...)
Excerpt from A Narrative of the Manner in Which the Campaign Against the Indians, in the Year 1791, Was Conducted Under the Command of Major General St. Clair: Together With His Observations on the Statements of the Secretary of War and the Quarter Master General, Relative Thereto, and the Reports of the Committees Appointed to Inquire Into the Causes of the Failure Thereof BE IT remembered, That on the thirmemh dageouugust, in the my, seventh year of the Independence of the United States America, A. D. 1812. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
https://www.amazon.com/Narrative-Campaign-Against-Indians-Conducted/dp/1333156502?SubscriptionId=AKIAJRRWTH346WSPOAFQ&tag=prabook-20&linkCode=sp1&camp=2025&creative=165953&creativeASIN=1333156502
St. Clair was born on March 23, 1736 in Thurso, Caithness, Scotland, United Kingdom. He is often erroneously said to have been the son of Margaret Balfour (Wedderburn) and James St. Clair, an officer in the French army, and the grandson of the Baron of Rosslyn. His mother may have been Elizabeth (Balfour) Sinclair.
It is said that he enjoyed the advantages of an incomplete term at the University of Edinburgh and an unsuccessful apprenticeship under William Hunter, the celebrated anatomist of London.
In 1757 St. Clair became an ensign in the British army and served with Amherst in Canada. He resigned from the army in 1762 with the commission of lieutenant, and, later, with a legacy of 14, 000 from the Bowdoin estate and his own military service claims he purchased an estate of some 4, 000 acres in the Ligonier valley of western Pennsylvania. As the largest resident property owner in Pennsylvania west of the mountains, he was placed in an anomalous position, when Governor Penn in 1771 made him the agent of colonial government in this frontier country.
As justice of the county court of Westmoreland County after its formation in 1773, he was obliged to extend the form but not the substance of government into the Pittsburgh area, at the same time that John Connolly, captain of the militia and after 1774 justice of the district of western Augusta County, Virginia, sought to extend the substance as well as the form of Virginian control over the same region.
St. Clair was unsuccessful before the superior military force and greater popular appeal of the Virginians, who rebuilt and garrisoned the fort abandoned by the British in 1772 and prepared for the surveying and occupation of the Kentucky country.
As the Revolutionary War came on, he was made a member of the Committee of Safety of Westmoreland County, but he was powerless to extend Pennsylvania control over the Pittsburgh area, as the Virginia committee sent John Neville to occupy the fort and as Virginia's commissioners undertook most of the financial burdens and diplomatic manipulation at the treaty of Pittsburgh in 1775, by which the outstanding issues of Dunmore's War were settled and a Loyalist-Indian uprising prevented.
At this treaty he occupied the minor position of secretary to the relatively insignificant commissioners of the Continental Congress.
In 1775 he was sent as colonel to take part in the retreat of the American army from Canada. In the winter of 1776-77, as brigadier-general, he was with Washington in the campaign and the battles of Trenton and Princeton. In the spring of 1777, as major-general, he was ordered to the defense of Fort Ticonderoga, which was popularly considered as impregnable. His evacuation of the post, probably as the result of factors beyond his control, filled the public mind with such dismay that he was recalled by Congress from service in the field. Although he was completely exonerated by a court martial in September 1778, he was not, for the rest of the war, placed in a position to render conspicuous service.
As a member of the council of censors in 1783, he unsuccessfully opposed the constitution of 1776, and he wrote the majority report recommending a new constitutional convention in order to abolish the unicameral legislature and other radical features.
As administrator of Indian affairs he was obliged to defend the treaties made with the tribes in 1784 and 1785, which deprived them of much land north of the Ohio, and which the Indians claimed had been forced upon them by fraud and military compulsion. They insisted upon a treaty to make the Ohio River the boundary and to be drawn up at a grand council in which all the tribes were fairly represented.
At the treaty of Fort Harmar in 1789, however, he met only part of the Indians concerned, permitted those present to weaken their strength by quarreling among themselves, and finally manipulated the tribes into an apparent acceptance of the earlier and much hated treaties.
The resulting dissatisfaction led into a war in which he, as major-general and commander of the federal army, was surprised and overwhelmingly defeated on November 4, 1791, on a branch of the Wabash about a day's march from the site of Fort Wayne. The defeat was administered by a confederated Indian army with the Miami, Little Turtle, which was inferior in numbers to the American army.
St. Clair was under positive and unalterable orders to erect a chain of military posts from Fort Washington, near the mouth of the Miami, to the rapids of the Maumee in the heart of the country of the then powerful Miami confederacy. Few military enterprises have been more poorly planned and executed. He was originally directed to set out from Fort Washington in July, but he did not do so until September. The result was that the frosts destroyed the grass, which was the only source of food for the horses and cattle.
The delay was caused in part by the prolongation of the peace mission of Thomas Proctor, until the final and unsuccessful outcome of which St. Clair was obliged to postpone all offensive movements. Blundering in the quartermaster's department resulted in the failure to provide adequate supplies and arms. The morale of the army, two-thirds of which was militia and from which many had deserted, was also undermined by the fact that during their six months' service they received their monthly pay of three dollars but once, by short rations, and by the rigorous and non-military services required of them by St. Clair.
St. Clair himself was not so experienced in frontier and Indian warfare as was his second in command, General Richard Butler, though he seems to have been more able. He declined to accept Butler's opinions and advice on certain technical matters, and the resulting estrangement continued throughout the campaign. At no time during the expedition did St. Clair have sufficient knowledge of the numbers and location of the Indians opposing him. The disaster was most humiliating, and, although he was exonerated from blame by Washington and by a committee of the House of Representatives, he resigned from the army and devoted himself to his duties as governor of the Northwest Territory.
He retired to his home, the "Hermitage, " near Ligonier, Pennsylvania, where he developed his estate and built an iron furnace to manufacture stoves and castings. Owing to generous lending of money, signing notes for friends, and the failure of the Republican Congress to reimburse him for moneys advanced for government use while he was the Federalist governor of the Northwest Territory, he lost the whole of his fortune.
In 1812 he published in defense of himself, A Narrative of the Manner in which the Campaign against the Indians in was conducted under the command of Major General St. Clair, together with the Reports of the Committees appointed to inquire into the causes of the failure thereof. His later years were spent in poverty and political oblivion, and he died in the log cabin that was his home on Chestnut Ridge.
(Excerpt from A Narrative of the Manner in Which the Campa...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
(Title: The St. Clair papers : the life and public service...)
Supported by the fur traders, he refused to cooperate in these and other actions offensive to the Shawnee Indians and thus probably relieved Pennsylvania of the vengeance of that tribe in Dunmore's War of 1774. He favored rewarding the Delaware Indians for their neutrality in the face of frontier insults but acquiesced in the refusal of Penn and the legislature to establish and garrison a satisfactory trading post at the Delaware town of Kittanning.
On May 15, 1760, he married Phoebe Bayard, of Boston, a niece of Gov. James Bowdoin. They had seven children.
