Arthur Middleton Manigault was a military and adjutant-general of South Carolina. He served in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.
Background
Arthur Middleton Manigault was born on October 26, 1824, in Charleston, South Carolina, United States. He was the eighth and youngest child of Charlotte Drayton and Joseph Manigault. His father, a wealthy rice planter, was the son of Peter Manigault, the grandson of Gabriel Manigault, and the great-grandson of Pierre Manigault. His mother was descended from an English family that had been prominent in Charleston's life from the earliest history of the city.
Education
Arthur left the College of Charleston in 1841 to study the export trade and to enter the business.
Arthur Manigault became sergeant-major of a local militia company and received his first military experience during the Mexican War when, as the first lieutenant of Company F of the Palmetto Regiment, he served under General Scott. This experience he afterward described as "perhaps the happiest and most romantic period" of his life.
Upon his return from Mexico in 1848 Manigault entered the commission business in Charleston. In 1856 he removed to Georgetown County, where, having inherited considerable property from his parents, he began rice planting. Upon the secession of South Carolina in December 1860 he was elected captain of the North Santee Mounted Rifles, a volunteer company organized in his community, and during the following winter, he superintended the construction of several batteries for the defense of Winyaw Bay and the North Santee River.
Early in April 1861, Manigault became a volunteer aide-de-camp on the staff of General Beauregard. He took part in the attack upon Fort Sumter and shortly afterward was commissioned lieutenant-colonel and assigned to duty as adjutant and inspector-general on Beauregard's staff. He was elected colonel of the 10th South Carolina Volunteers on May 31, 1861, became commander of the first military district of South Carolina, and later was ordered to Corinth, Mississippi, with his regiment. Throughout the remainder of the war, he served in the West.
On April 26, 1863, Manigault was advanced to the rank of brigadier-general, a promotion which he thought was unjustly delayed through the influence of certain enemies of his family at Richmond. He was slightly wounded at Resaca, Georgia, on May 14, 1863, but he participated in all of the engagements of the Army of Tennessee until the Battle of Franklin, Tennessee, in November 1864, when he received a wound in the head so serious as to incapacitate him for the remainder of the war.
At the close of the war, he returned to rice planting and pursued that occupation with varying success until 1880, when he was elected adjutant and inspector-general of the state. He held this office until his death at South Island, Georgetown County.
Achievements
During the Mexican-American War, Arthur Middleton Manigault served in the United States Army as a first lieutenant with the Palmetto Regiment. He was colonel of the 10th South Carolina Infantry and helped construct the batteries for the defense of Winyah Bay in Georgetown County. For his military actions, he achieved the rank of Brigadier General.