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Asbury Francis Lever was born near Springhill, Lexington County, South Carolina, the son of Asbury Francis Washington and Mary Elvira (Derrick) Lever, both members of prosperous farm families who had emigrated from Germany in the eighteenth century. After the boy's mother died during his infancy he lived for nine years with his maternal grandparents, who made him into a devout Lutheran and brought him up in an atmosphere of culture. At the age of ten he went to live with his father.
He was sent by his father to Wofford College (Spartanburg, South Carolina) in the hope that he would become a Methodist minister. Young Lever, however, soon left that Methodist institution for the Lutheran-affiliated Newberry College (Newberry, South Carolina), where he won distinction as a debater and essayist and graduated at the head of his class in 1895.
Lever went to Washington as secretary to Congressman J. William Stokes (whom he later succeeded), and while there studied law at Georgetown University. He was admitted to the South Carolina bar in 1899, but he began his political career before he had an opportunity to practise law. After brief service in the South Carolina legislature, Lever was elected to Congress in 1901, at the age of twenty-six, there to remain for eighteen years.
Although diminutive in stature, with blue eyes, black hair, and an olive complexion, he had an energetic personality that soon made him a figure to respect in the national political councils. His kindly manners and gift of speech won the loyalty of his constituency. Lever became convinced as a member of the House Committee on Agriculture that it was the duty of the federal government to adopt positive measures to aid the farmers. As chairman of the committee from 1912 he had charge of most of the farm legislation which formed a major part of President Wilson's "New Freedom. " He was a sponsor of the Agricultural Extension Act (1914), which authorized federal grants-in-aid to the state agricultural colleges to support a program of extension work in farm areas; he co-sponsored the Cotton Warehouse Act (1914), which authorized the federal government to license ware-houses, with the expectation that the better handling of crops would make warehouse receipts more readily acceptable by banks as collateral for loans; and he was the author of the Cotton Futures Act (1914), the first successful attempt to control speculation in cotton. Aware of the hardships imposed upon farmers by their dependence on private credit, Lever helped to lead the fight for the Federal Farm Loan Act (1916), out of which grew the Federal Land Banks, the Farm Credit Administration, and the Productive Credit Corporation.
The South Carolina Congressman was an indefatigable supporter of the war effort of the Wilson administration. The Lever Act of 1917 gave to the president power to erect controls over food and fuel and over the machinery and equipment for producing them; from this act stemmed the famous "meatless days" of the first World War. In 1918, in opposition to the demagogue Cole L. Blease, who had denounced the war program, Lever became a candidate in the Democratic primary for the Senate seat held by the enfeebled Benjamin R. Tillman; he withdrew, at President Wilson's request, when Tillman announced his own candidacy. Subsequently Tillman died--too late in the campaign for Lever to reenter the primary--and the Senate seat ultimately went to a political unknown.
Lever resigned from Congress on August 1, 1919, in order to take part in operating the farm legislation which he had sponsored, first as a member of the Federal Farm Loan Board and later in other posts. In 1930 he entered the Democratic primary for governor of South Carolina, but he was stricken with pneumonia on the opening day of the county-by-county debates by which the campaign was conducted. Though he later managed to rejoin the canvass, he lost what had probably been an excellent chance of success, for he was otherwise well equipped for the give-and-take of the joint debates. He died of a coronary thrombosis at "Seven Oaks, " his country place in Lexington County, and was buried at Clemson College, of which he had been a life trustee.
Lever's major legislative achievements were in the area of state and federal efforts in agricultural and rural life. Major bills were Agricultural Extension Act of 1914, the Cotton Warehouse Act of 1914, Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916 that created the Farm Credit Administration, and the Food and Fuel Control Act of 1917 that created a Food Administration and a Fuel Administration for World War I.
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( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
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He was a member of the Democratic Party.
Lever married Lucile Scurry Butler of Atlanta in 1911. They had two children, Mary Catherine and Asbury Francis.
