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(This is a pre-1923 historical reproduction that was curat...)
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August Wilhelm Hofmann was born at Giessen, Grand Duchy of Hesse, on 8 April 1818.
He was the son of Johann Philipp Hofmann, privy councillor and provincial architect to the court at Darmstadt.
As a young man, he travelled widely with his father. August Wilhelm matriculated at the University of Giessen in 1836.
He originally took up the study of law and philology at Giessen. He may have become interested in chemistry when his father enlarged Liebig's Giessen laboratories in 1839.
August Wilhelm changed his studies to chemistry, and studied under Justus von Liebig.
He obtained his PhD there in 1841.
When, in 1845, a school of practical chemistry was started in London, under the style of the Royal College of Chemistry, Hofmann, largely through the influence of the Prince Consort, was appointed its first director.
Fortunately the college was more or less successful, owing largely to his enthusiasm and energy, and many of the men who were trained there subsequently made their mark in chemical history.
But in 1864 he returned to Bonn, and in the succeeding year he was selected to succeed E. Mitscherlich as professor of chemistry and director of the laboratory in Berlin University.
Notintending originally to devote himself to physical science, he first took up the study of law and philology at Gottingen, and the general culture he thus gained stood him in good stead when he turned to chemistry, the study of which he began under Liebig.
This event he must have looked upon as a curtailment of its possibilities of usefulness.
His first research, carried out in Liebig's laboratory at Giessen, was on coal-tar, and his investigation of the organic bases in coal-gas naphtha established the nature of aniline.
This substance he used to refer to as his first love, and it was a love to which he remained faithful throughout his life.
His perception of the analogy between it and ammonia led to his famous work on the amines and ammonium bases and the allied organic phosphorus compounds, while his researches on rosaniline, which he first prepared in 1858, formed the first of a series of investigations on colouring matters which only ended with quinoline red in 1887.
But in addition to these and numberless other investigations for which he was responsible the influence he exercised through his pupils must also be taken into account.
In the lecture-room he laid great stress on the importance of experimental demonstrations, paying particular attention to their selection and arrangement, though, since hehimself was a somewhat clumsy manipulator, their actual exhibition was generally entrusted to his assistants.
He was the possessor of a clear and graceful, if somewhat florid, style, which showed to special advantage in his numerous obituary notices or encomiums (collected and published in three volumes Zur Erinnerung an vorangegangene Freunde, 1888).
He made considerable contributions to organic chemistry. His research on aniline helped lay the basis of the aniline-dye industry.
His earliest research on coal tar laid the groundwork for his student Charles Mansfield's practical methods for extracting benzene and toluene and converting them into nitro compounds and amines.
Hofmann prepared three ethylamines and tetraethylammonium compounds and established their structural relationship to ammonia. His discoveries include formaldehyde, hydrazobenzene, the isonitriles, and allyl alcohol.
His name is associated with the Hofmann voltameter and with a number of processes which he investigated, including the Hofmann rearrangement, the Hofmann–Martius rearrangement, Hofmann elimination, and the Hofmann-Löffler reaction.
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
(Introduction to Modern Chemistry - Experimental and Theor...)
(This book was digitized and reprinted from the collection...)
(This book was digitized and reprinted from the collection...)
(This book was digitized and reprinted from the collection...)
(This is a pre-1923 historical reproduction that was curat...)
(This is a pre-1923 historical reproduction that was curat...)
(This is a pre-1923 historical reproduction that was curat...)
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
The public support extended to the college of chemistry had been dwindling for some years, and before he left it had ceased to have an independent existence and had been absorbed into the School of Mines.
That city possesses a permanent memorial to his name in Hofmann House, the home of the German Chemical Society (of which he was the founder), which was formally opened in 1900, appropriately enough with an account of that great triumph of German chemical enterprise, the industrial manufacture of synthetical indigo.
Hofmann's work covered a wide range of organic chemistry, though with inorganic bodies he did but little.
He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1851.
He was awarded the society's Royal Medal in 1854 and their Copley Medal in 1875.
He was married four times.
(11 August 1873)
(12 August 1846)
(13 December 1856)
(19 May 1866)
