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Augustus Louis Chetlain was born on December 26, 1824 in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. His parents, Louis and Julia Droz Chetlain, who were Swiss of French extraction, came in 1821 to the Selkirk settlement in western Canada, and left there in 1823. In 1826 they removed to the neighborhood of Galena, Illinois, where the father engaged in mining and teaming, later bought a farm, and prospered in all these undertakings.
Augustus attended school in Galena, Illinois.
At the beginning of his career, Chetlain was employed as clerk by a wholesale merchant. In 1852, with but little capital, he started in business for himself and soon built up a good trade. He sold out in 1859, traveled extensively in Europe, and returned in time to take an active part in the political campaign of 1860.
At the outbreak of the Civil War, Galena raised a volunteer company of which Chetlain, at the suggestion of U. S. Grant, was elected captain. He was mustered into service as such on May 2, 1861, and the next day became lieutenant-colonel of the 12th Illinois Infantry, in which the Galena company was incorporated. The regiment remained in camp in southern Illinois until September, when it moved into Kentucky as part of the force with which Grant occupied Paducah. As the colonel was absent in charge of a brigade, the command of the regiment devolved upon Chetlain, and he continued in command as long as he remained with it, although not promoted to the colonelcy until April 27, 1862.
He took part in the capture of Forts Henry and Donelson, in the battle of Shiloh, and in the operations which culminated in the battles of Iuka and Corinth.
He was then assigned to the command of the post of Corinth. He was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers, December 18, 1863, and put in charge of the organization and recruitment of colored troops in Tennessee and Kentucky, a work in which he was eminently successful. Later he held administrative commands in Tennessee and Alabama until he was mustered out of service, January 15, 1866.
From 1867 to 1869 he was United States collector of internal revenue for Utah, and lived in Salt Lake City. For the next three years he was consul at Brussels. Returning to the United States in 1872, he established himself in Chicago, where he organized the Home National Bank and became its president. In 1892, he also organized the Industrial Bank of Chicago, but a year later poor health obliged him finally to withdraw from business.
He traveled widely in the United States, Canada, and Europe. Before his retirement he was a director of the Chicago Stock Exchange and a member of the board of education, and was active in many philanthropic enterprises. He was always prominent in the affairs of the Loyal Legion, Grand Army of the Republic, and similar organizations. Besides a pamphlet on The Red River Colony (1893), he published a volume of Recollections, in which he records his personal estimate of many eminent men whom he knew intimately. His range of acquaintance was wide, especially among the prominent generals of the Civil War and the political and business leaders of Illinois. Grant and Sherman, John M. Palmer and Shelby Cullom, George M. Pullman and Cyrus McCormick, Lyman Gage and Franklin McVeagh were among his friends.
Augustus Louis Chetlain was the first man in Illinois to volunteer at the outbreak of the American Civil War. He served with distinction in the Union Army and rose to the rank of Brigadier General. He took part in the capture of Forts Henry and Donelson, in the battle of Shiloh, and in the operations which culminated in the battles of Iuka and Corinth. He was also credited for the foundation of the Industrial Bank of Chicago and the Home National Bank.
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Chetlain married, first, Emily Tenney of Elyria, Ohio; and second, Mrs. Melancthon Smith.
