Background
Stewart was born on November 1, 1828 in Edinburgh, Scotland, the son of a tea merchant, William Stewart.
(Questions and Exercises on Stewart's Lessons in Elementar...)
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(Chapter IV. deals with the methods of Measurement of Resi...)
Chapter IV. deals with the methods of Measurement of Resistance. The importance of this subject justifies the extended treatment it has received. Chapter V. treats of the Tangent Galvanometer, its practical applications, and the methods of determining its constants. The general use of the magnetometer and dip circle of the Kew pattern at British Observatories has induced us to describe fully in Chapter VI. the manipulation of these particular instruments, and the corrections necessary for the accurate determination of the Magnetic Elements. We would especially direct attention to Chapter VII., on Electro-M agnetism and Electro-M agnetic I nduction. In this chapter the plan of giving qualitative experimental work has been extensively introduced, for we find that only by such experiments can students really grasp the meaning of such things as lines of force and their application. Chapters VIII. and IX. deal respectively with the Condenser and the Electrometer. We have supplemented the work with several A ppendices. The more important of these contain the application of Kirchhoff slaws and an elementary account of Potential and Lines of Force. An examination of this volume will show (1. (Typographical errors above are due to OCR software and don't occur in the book.) About the Publisher Forgotten Books is a publisher of historical writings, such as: Philosophy, Classics, Science, Religion, History, Folklore and Mythology. Forgotten Books' Classic Reprint Series utilizes the latest technology to regenerate facsimiles of historically important writings. Careful attention has been made to accurately preserve the original format of each page whilst digitally enhancing the aged text. Read books online for free at www.forgottenbooks.org
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Stewart was born on November 1, 1828 in Edinburgh, Scotland, the son of a tea merchant, William Stewart.
Stewart was educated at Dundee, the University of St Andrews, and the University of Edinburgh. The son of a tea merchant, he was for some time engaged in business in Leith and in Australia, but, returning to his studies of physics at Edinburgh, he became assistant to J. D. Forbes in 1856.
Building in part on suggestions by Forbes and results of Macedonio Melloni and others, Stewart had investigated the abilities of various materials to emit and absorb radiation of various wavelengths. Stewart found, in particular, that a material that radiates heat of a certain wavelength preferentially tends also to absorb heat of that same wavelength preferentially. These yielded a remarkable extension of Pierre Prévost's "Law of Exchanges, " and enabled him to establish the fact that radiation is not a surface phenomenon, but takes place throughout the interior of the radiating body, and that the radiative and absorptive powers of a substance must be equal, not only for the radiation as a whole, but also for every constituent of it. Two years after Stewart’s paper had been submitted to the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Gustav Kirchhoff, not knowing Stewart’s work and proceeding from experiments on optical spectra, came to similar conclusions. Kirchhoff’s results were more solid: the experiments were cleaner, the derivations more rigorous, and the results more clearly and generally stated. Thus, although Stewart’s work was meritorious and prior, as he and his supporters vigorously argued for decades after, it was Kirchhoff’s work that had decisive influence throughout the physical sciences.
Upon becoming director of the Kew observatory, Stewart turned his attention to the continuing missions of that institution. Extending investigations of the relationships between terrestrial magnetism and the sunspot cycle, he also studied correlations of these phenomena with various other terrestrial and “cosmical” cycles. Later, in an influential review article on terrestrial magnetism, Stewart proposed mechanisms for some of these correlations. By this mechanism the well-known daily variation of the geomagnetic field was explained. Also explained were seasonal variations of the geomagnetic field, analogies between global wind patterns and global magnetic patterns, and lunar correlations.
Textbooks and popularizations by Stewart were widely read; Ernest Rutherford, at age ten, owned one of them. Another widely read book, written in collaboration with Peter Guthrie Tait, was intended to demonstrate the compatibility between science and religion. Entitled The Unseen Universe, the book argued that the individual soul was immortal, existing after death in the context of the subtle media of nineteenth-century physics, including the luminiferous ether, the ultramundane (gravitation-causing) particles of Le Sage, and the ubiquitous fluid substratum of William Thomson’s vortex atoms; thermodynamics and evolution also supported the argument. In the domain of science broadly defined, Stewart participated in many institutions, programs, and discoveries but left no single monument.
(Questions and Exercises on Stewart's Lessons in Elementar...)
(This work has been selected by scholars as being cultural...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
(An Elementary Treatise on Heat - Fifth Edition is an unch...)
(Trieste Publishing has a massive catalogue of classic boo...)
(Lessons in Elementary Practical Physics Vol 1 Classic Rep...)
(Chapter IV. deals with the methods of Measurement of Resi...)
Director of Kew Observatory (1859), president of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, the Physical Society, and the Society for Psychical Research
