The A.E.F. with Genaral Pershing and the American Forces
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First edition. Biography of this American author and campaigner against pornography known for his excesses of zeal. Illustrated. Minor cover rubbing. 285 pages. cloth.. 8vo..
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English port. A long her decks were lines of soldiers, of high and low degree, all in khaki. From the shore end of her gang-plank other lines of soldiers spread out like fan-sticks, some in khaki, some in the two blues of land and sea fighters. Decorating the fan-sticks were the scarlet and gold of staff-officers, the blue and gold of naval officers, the yellow and gold of land officers, and the black of a few distinguished civilians. At the end of one shore-line of khaki one rigid private stood out from the rest, holding for dear life to a massive white goat.
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Heywood Campbell Broun was an American newspaper columnist, author. He is noted for being an organizer of the American Newspaper Guild.
Background
Heywood Campbell Broun was born on December 7, 1888 in Brooklyn, New York, the third of four children and the youngest of three sons of Heywood Cox and Henriette Broun. His father, who was born in England of Scottish ancestry, had come to the United States as a youth. His mother, a native of Brooklyn, was the daughter of an emigrant from Germany who made a success as a broker. The elder Broun's partnership in a printing and stationery business was lucrative enough to provide his family with a comfortable and cultivated home.
Education
After combining athletics with editing the school paper at the Horace Mann School, Broun spent the next four years at Harvard in the celebrated class of 1910. He stood out in the literature class of Charles Townsend Copeland and in the playwriting workshop of George Pierce Baker, and he published a story in the Harvard Advocate in 1909. But non-academic distractions, including poker, the theatre, and the fielding of Tris Speaker for the Boston Red Sox, so interfered with his study of French that he did not receive a degree. The distractions soon became the convivial, lumbering Broun's way of life.
Career
Having found newspaper work to his taste through a summer stint in 1908 on the New York Morning Telegraph, Heywood Broun joined its staff as a reporter in 1910 on leaving Harvard. Discharged two years later when he asked for a pay increase, he went in 1912 to China and Japan for "atmosphere" for a theatrical company. On returning, he became a reporter on the New York Tribune, for which he wrote feature news and covered baseball.
No sportswriter before him had conveyed to the reader so much of the game' excitement or interlarded the facts with such graphic allusions.
Broun's vivid dispatches were critical of General Pershing, the training of United States troops, and much of the American war effort, with the result that he was frequently in trouble with the military censors.
The Tribune made Broun its literary editor in 1919, in addition to drama critic, and he launched a book column that was soon appearing daily. His mixing of bright opinions, humorously expressed, on assorted subjects, with criticism of the new writers--Sinclair Lewis, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Eugene O'Neill, Ernest Hemingway, and others--won an enthusiastic readership.
In 1921 he moved to the New York World, where, under the title "It Seems to Me, " he wrote a column that was mostly whimsy and highly personal reactions to the postwar world. But it called for the release of Eugene V. Debs, condemned the Ku Klux Klan, and revealed a growing emotion in behalf of justice for ordinary people. Broun's daily column grew into an outstanding personal success. Yet it remained for the case of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti to make a national issue of it.
When Governor Alvan T. Fuller's advisory committee, including President A. Lawrence Lowell of Harvard, recommended against a new trial for the convicted men, Broun attacked the decision with eloquence and bitterness as the handiwork of the "tight minds of old men".
When Broun, in the Nation (May 4, 1928), for which he had meantime begun to write, accused the World of timidity and inconsistency, Pulitzer summarily discharged him for "disloyalty, " whereupon he went to the Scripps-Howard New York Telegram at the invitation of its publisher, Roy W. Howard.
Three years later the World sold out to the Telegram, and the combined World-Telegram was Broun's more or less happy journalistic home almost to the end of his career. His column was syndicated, and his following was estimated conservatively at a million readers a day.
But in July 1939, after some of his columns were changed and others omitted, he anticipated the end of his contract by inserting a "situation wanted" advertisement in the New York papers; and that fall his contract was not renewed. Meanwhile he had begun the publication of the Connecticut Nutmeg, a literary and humorous weekly, later Broun's Nutmeg. He also transferred his weekly column from the Nation to the New Republic, where it appeared irregularly under the caption "Shoot the Works. " The New York Post gave him one more metropolitan forum late in 1939, but he wrote only a single column (December 15) before his death. There was little in ideas that did not somehow interest Broun.
In 1930 he joined the Socialist party and ran for Congress on its ticket in Manhattan's 17th district. He campaigned seriously on the issue of unemployment, but in a three-way race the office went to the Republican incumbent, Mrs. Ruth Pratt.
Early in 1930 he had conducted a "Give a Job Until June" campaign, operating a free employment agency. In 1931, to assist unemployed stage people, he produced and largely financed a cooperative New York musical, Shoot the Works, in which he talked, sang, and danced until he virtually collapsed from exhaustion.
The end of the World and widespread unemployment among newspaper men led him to advance the idea of a union for newspaper employees as a means of self-protection and professional and economic advancement. The proposal met with immediate response among rank-and-file newspaper workers, and with the organization of the American Newspaper Guild--"guild" was his word--in December 1933 he became its president.
He was reelected annually at national conventions, where he was the center of affectionate regard and merry fellowship and also a shrewd and able leader in the planning and execution of union policy.
Twelve books, produced in the face of daily journalism's insatiable demands, belied the surface impression that Broun was easygoing to the point of laziness.
Besides collections of his war reporting and of his columns--among them Seeing Things at Night (1921) and Pieces of Hate and Other Enthusiasms (1922)--they included an autobiographical novel, The Boy Grew Older (1922), a second novel, The Sun Field (1923), a philosophical fairy tale, Gandle Follows His Nose (1926), and two serious collaborations that reflected his growing concern for important social issues: Anthony Comstock: Roundsman of the Lord, with Margaret Leech (1927), on censorship, and Christians Only: A Study in Prejudice, with George Britt (1931), on the rise of anti-Semitism.
Ill with grippe for several days at his home near Stamford, Connecticut, he died of pneumonia soon after his fifty-first birthday at the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center in New York City. He was buried in the Cemetery of the Gate of Heaven, Hawthorne, New York.
After his second marriage he decided to become a Roman Catholic. This development amazed his friends who had known him first as an Episcopalian and later as a freethinker and foe of intellectual conformity. He was baptized (taking the name of Matthew) on May 23, 1939, by Monsignor Fulton J. Sheen, who seven months later conducted the solemn high requiem mass at Broun's funeral service in St. Patrick's Cathedral.
Politics
In his political affiliation Heywood Broun was a Socialist joining this party in 1930. He then ran for Congress on its ticket in Manhattan's 17th district, but unsuccessfully.
Views
Broun believed that journalists could help right wrongs, especially social ills.
Quotations:
An attributed line of lasting quotability, "Posterity is as likely to be wrong as anybody else", is used widely, often in arguments about documentation and history.
Membership
Broun was a member of the famed Algonquin Round Table from 1919-1929.
Personality
A huge, rumpled figure of a man, with a shambling gait, Broun had a more complex nature than his relaxed amiability suggested. Never deeply confident, he suffered occasional fits of depression, and he had long had a mystical streak that led him to think and write of death.
Quotes from others about the person
At the White House, Franklin D. Roosevelt called the columnist "a hard fighter undeterred by slander, calumny or thought of personal consequences. " Christopher Morley characterized him as "a commuter between two worlds, the Flesh and the Spirit; the Serious and the Merry. "
Interests
Broun enjoyed poker, the theatre, and the fielding of Tris Speaker for the Boston Red Sox.
Connections
When Broun was assigned as the Tribune's drama critic in 1915, an activity that led to an infatuation with and brief engagement to Lydia Lopokova, a Russian dancer who subsequently married the economist John Maynard Keynes.
On June 6, 1917, Broun married Ruth Hale, a native of northeastern Tennessee, with whom he had been intellectually companionable for three years. Shortly afterwards they went to France, he as a war correspondent for the New York Tribune and she--the determined president of the Lucy Stone League and unwilling to use her married name--on the overseas edition of the Chicago Tribune. He returned to New York in January 1918, preceded by Ruth Hale, who then became the mother of their only child, Heywood Hale Broun.
Always resentful of her married state and too individualistic for connubial give-and-take, Ruth Hale lived apart from Broun for the last five years of their marriage. Against his wishes she went to Nogales and was granted a Mexican divorce on November 17, 1933. Their relations continued generally amicable, and he attended her bedside in a long illness that ended with her death on September 18, 1934.
His professional stresses required him to have companionship, and on January 9, 1935, he was married to the former Constantina Maria Incoronata Fruscella, known to the stage as Connie Madison, a dancer and singer of Spanish background who was the widow of Johnny Dooley, a vaudeville performer; Broun adopted her daughter, Patricia Dooley.