Background
He was born at Madrid, the only son of Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 15th Duke of Alberta His mother Maria Francesca was the daughter of Cipriano de Palafox y Portocarrero, Duke of Peñaranda del Duero, and sister of Eugénie de Montijo, Empress of the French. During his father"s lifetime he was styled Duke of Huescar.
On 16 September 1860 he succeeded his mother in all her titles except the Marquisate of the Bañeza and the Viscountcy of Palacios de la Valduerna, and on 10 July 1881 he succeeded to all his father"s titles except the Dukedom of Galisteo, which went to his sister Maria de la Asuncíon Rosalia, 18th Duchess of Galisteo.
Career
As a result of this inheritance the Duke of Alba was a Grandee of the first class twelve times over. As heir-male of James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick he also claimed the English title of Duke of Berwick, and used the title when staying with Queen Victoria at Balmoral Castle. They had 3 children:
Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart, 17th Duke of Alba
Eugenia Sol María del Pilar, married the Duke of Santoña, Lady-in-waiting of Queen Victoria Eugenia.
Hernando Fitz-James Stuart, 14th Duke of Peñaranda de Duero.
Like his father, he was educated at the Salamanca University and the military school of Paris. He was Spanish Ambassador in Brussels between 1872 and 1878, and in Saint St. Petersburg until 1885.
Between 1887 and 1894 he was Grand Treasurer of Spain and diplomat in Istambul. The Duke of Alba was also a Senator of the Kingdom, Chamberlain to the Queen Regent Christina, and a Knight of the Golden Fleece.
He died from cancer as Spanish Ambassador in the United States in New York, aboard Sir Thomas Lipton"s yacht, aged 51.
