Background
Charles Cros was born on October 1, 1842 in Fabrezan, France.
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Charles Cros was born on October 1, 1842 in Fabrezan, France.
At fourteen Charles Cros was studying Sanskrit at the College of France, and also was concerned with the synthesis of precious gems, writing literary monologs and scientific studies on such subjects as color photography.
In the early 1870s Charles Cros had published with Mallarmé, Villiers and Verlaine in the short-lived weekly Renaissance littéraire et artistique, edited by Emile Blémont. His poem The Kippered Herring inspired Ernest Coquelin to create what he called monologues, short theatrical pieces whose format was copied by numerous imitators.The piece, translated as The Salt Herring, was translated and illustrated by Edward Gorey.
Charles Cros died in Paris at the age of 45.
Charles Cros and Louis Ducos du Hauron simultaneously but independently discovered and published the basic principles of three-color photography. Their work was presented in 1869 to the Société Française de Photographie, but Charles Cros had indicated his discovery two years earlier in a letter to the Académie des Sciences. Both processes suggested separating the color image through the use of filters and recombining them with red, blue, and yellow pigments. Charles Cros suggested the use of a phenakistoscope or zoetrope to effect the synthesis, using the principle of the persistence of vision. The discoveries were variously critized as being "works of luck if not frauds" and "purely theoretical procedures."
Cros' other discoveries included a Chromometre (chromoscope) in 1879 for use in the optical synthesis of color, an inhibition color process called Hydrotypie in 1880, and a bleach-out color process in 1881.
