Practical Hints On The Comparative Cost And Productiveness Of The Culture Of Cotton: And The Cost And Productiveness Of Its Manufacture. Addressed To ... Planters And Capitalists Of The South...
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Practical Hints On The Comparative Cost And Productiveness Of The Culture Of Cotton: And The Cost And Productiveness Of Its Manufacture. Addressed To The Cotton Planters And Capitalists Of The South
Charles Tillinghast James
Printed by J. Knowles, 1849
Cotton growing; Cotton manufacture
Letters on the Culture and Manufacture of Cotton (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from Letters on the Culture and Manufacture of Co...)
Excerpt from Letters on the Culture and Manufacture of Cotton
In the second place, I consider Mr. Lawrence totally incompetent to dis cuss such a subject and it is his name alone that gives his Opinions respect ing it any weight. This I pledge myself to prove to the letter, before Ihave done with him. He is neither a mechanic nor a practical manufacturer; and is probably not much better qualified to make up a correct judgment on the subject in question, than he would be to command a ship Of war. In the third place, his pretended review is entitled to no sort Of respect, because.
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Charles Tillinghast James was a famous American consulting mechanical engineer, early proponent of the steam mill, and United States Democratic Senator from the state of Rhode Island.
Background
James was born on September 15, 1805, in West Greenwich, Rhode Island, the fifth of six children born to Silas and Phebe (Tillinghast) James. His ancestors on both sides were early settlers in Rhode Island; his father had been a Revolutionary soldier and a judge of the local court.
Education
Although his school education was limited, young James learned the trade of carpenter by the time he was nineteen and immediately thereafter mastered practical mechanics, acquainting himself particularly with the construction of textile machinery.
Career
Removing to Providence, James eventually became superintendent of Slater's steam cotton mills. As a cotton-mill superintendent he became firmly convinced of the superiority of steam-driven textile machinery and during the forties and fifties was the "great prophet of steam-driven cotton factories. " In support of his conviction he wrote for the newspapers, lectured frequently, and defended his stand in a printed debate carried on with A. A. Lawrence in Hunt's Merchant's Magazine (November 1849 - March 1850). His propaganda bore fruit in a number of the seaboard cities without adequate water power, where commerce was declining. Under the inspiration of a series of lectures at Newburyport, the citizens started a mill which failed but which James reorganized. For some years he resided in Newburyport, during which time he planned and constructed six mills. His reputation as a reviver of the declining city brought demands for his services at Salem, Massachusetts, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and at Newport, Bristol and other cities in Rhode Island. He also traveled through New York, Pennsylvania, Indiana, and Tennessee where he started steam-driven textile factories to use the nearby coal and became much interested in the development of Southern manufacturing. During the decade of the forties James was responsible for starting twenty-three steam mills, sixteen of which were in New England, and one of which, the Naumkeag mill at Salem, was at the time the largest mill in the world in which the entire process of converting cotton into cloth was carried on under one roof. Returning to Rhode Island in 1848, he erected the Atlantic De Laine Mill at Olneyville, one of the important new factories in that state, but a project which was shortly to involve him in financial ruin. James came from a family of Democrats and was much interested in politics, although his numerous business interests prevented for many years any personal participation. He became a major-general in the Rhode Island militia and United States senator from Rhode Island in 1851, when he was elected as a high-tariff Democrat by a majority of one on the eighth ballot, his victory being due to a combination of Whigs and Democrats in a legislature which contained a majority of Whigs. As senator his chief interest was in technical and economic problems; he was chairman of the Senate Committee on Patents in the Thirty-fourth Congress. Although an excellent speaker, he was seldom heard in the Senate. The records, however, show his belief in upholding the compromise measures of 1850 and his opposition to the Kansas-Nebraska bill. He refused to stand for re-election, chiefly because of the impairment of his fortune during his senatorial term. After his retirement from the Senate, James devoted his chief attention to the improvement of firearms, an interest which had long been his hobby. The coming of the Civil War intensified this interest and he made important contributions in perfecting a rifled cannon, a cylindrical bullet with a conical head, and an explosive projectile. While he was experimenting with the latter at Sag Harbor, New York, on October 16, 1862, a shell upon which he was working exploded and mortally wounded him. His death occurred the following day.