Daniel H. Burnham, architect, planner of cities Volume 2
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The Promise of American Architecture; Addresses at the Annual Dinner of the American Institute of Architects, 1905
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Governor, judge, and priest; Detroit, 1805-1815. A paper read before the Witenagemote, on Friday evening, October the second, 1891
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Charles Moore was an American journalist and city planner.
Background
Charles Moore was born on October 20, 1855, in Ypsilanti, Michigan. He was the youngest of three children and only son of Charles Moore, a successful merchant, and Adeline (MacAllaster) Moore. His parents had moved to Michigan from their native New Hampshire in 1834.
Education
Young Charles was orphaned at the age of fourteen, but a brother-in-law became his guardian and a substantial inheritance enabled him to continue his education. He attendedthe Kenmore School in Pennsylvania, Phillips Andover Academy, and Harvard College, where he studied history, political science, and philosophy and acquired from Charles Eliot Norton a lifelong interest in Renaissance architecture. While in college Moore was editor of the Harvard Crimson, the student newspaper, and Boston correspondent for the Detroit Post and the Detroit Tribune. He graduated in 1878. He was treasurer of the American Historical Association, 1917-30.
Career
Returning to Ypsilanti, Moore leased the Ypsilanti Commercial, and two years later he purchased Every Saturday, a Detroit newspaper which he operated for about a year. In 1883, he invested his entire inheritance in the Detroit Times, and the following year lost everything in a fire that destroyed the newspaper's plant. For the next five years Moore worked as a reporter for the Detroit Journal and the Detroit Sunday News, making occasional contributions to New York dailies.
While covering the elections of 1888 he met James McMillan, who the next year, after his election to the United States Senate, appointed Moore as his political secretary. In this capacity Moore soon became involved in city planning problems. McMillan had long been interested in such problems, having served from 1881 to 1883 on the Detroit Park Commission; in Washington he became chairman of the Senate Committee on the District of Columbia. Moore, as clerkof the committee, compiled and edited reports advocating improved hospitals, schools, charities, and parks in Washington. At Moore's suggestion, and at the urging of the American Institute of Architects, McMillan secured in 1901 the establishment of a Senate Park Commission to plan the future development of Washington. Its members were the architects Daniel H. Burnham and Charles F. McKim, the sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens, and the younger Frederick Law Olmsted (1870 - 1957), landscape architect.
Moore, as secretary, accompanied members of the commission on a summer tour of several European capitals. Upon returning to the United States in the fall of 1901, he helped Olmsted prepare a report which called for a return to the baroque design motifs of Pierre L'Enfant, the original planner of Washington, and in particular the creation of the formal mall L'Enfant had envisaged stretching westward from the Capitol to the Potomac River. To bring the mall into being required relocation of the Pennsylvania Railroad tracks and station. Moore, acting as strategist, publicist, and go-between for the Park Commission, helped prepare the necessary legislation, including provisions for the construction of the new Union Station, and after McMillan's death in 1902, he remained in Washington to see the legislation passed.
Returning to Michigan in 1903, Moore accepted a position as private secretary to Francis H. Clergue, who operated a complex of steel, railroad, and power enterprises at Sault Sainte Marie, Michigan. When Clergue's company failed in 1904, Moore became secretary of the Union Trust Company of Detroit, the receiver of the bankrupt enterprise. He then moved in 1906 to Boston, where he was chairman of the Submarine Signal Company. Two years later, he returned to Detroit as vice-president of the Security Trust Company. Following the death of his wife in 1914, Moore retired from business and, among other things, turned to writing. He had long been interested in the study of history, and while serving as secretary to Senator McMillan had written The Northwest under Three Flags, 1635-1796 (1900).
He went on to write biographies of Daniel Burnham (1921) and Charles F. McKim (1929), which between them provide a history of the City Beautiful movement and the development of the classical revival style of architecture. Moore was appointed adviser and acting chief of the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress in 1918 and helped build a number of important collections, among them the First World War Collection, the Richard Todd Lincoln Collection, and the Willam Howard Taft Papers.
Meanwhile, Moore continued to be active in the city planning movement. He edited the Plan of Chicago (1909) which had been prepared by Daniel Burnham and Edward H. Bennett, and from 1912 to 1919, he was president of the Detroit City Plan and Improvement Commission. In 1910, Moore was appointed by President Taft to the new federal Fine Arts Commission, established by Congress to judge the artistic suitability and appropriate location of all proposed monuments, statues, and public buildings in Washington, D. C. .
As its chairman from 1915 to 1937, he served as an intermediary between the architects of the City Beautiful movement and those powerful in business and government who could carry out their plans. The commission, under his leadership, zealously defended the Senate Park Commission plan of 1901, upholding its proposal for the location and design of the Lincoln Memorial and encouraging the construction of the Arlington Memorial Bridge in 1924.
After retiring from the federal Fine Arts Commission in 1937, he lived with his son MacAllaster in Gig Harbor, Washington, and it was there that he died at the age of eighty-six of a blood clot on the brain. He was buried in Middleton, Massachusetts.