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Charles Grafton Page was born on January 25, 1812 in Salem, Massachusetts, United States. He was the son of a sea captain, Jeremiah Lee Page, and his wife Lucy (Lang) Page. Charles was of English ancestry, descended from John Page who came to New England in 1630 and was a native of Salem, Massachussets, where both his parents were born.
Charles Grafton Page entered Harvard in 1828 at the age of sixteen. He graduated four years later and then studied medicine in Boston.
Charles Grafton Page began practice in Salem, but at the same time engaged in experimental research in electricity, this he continued with short intermissions throughout his life, publishing the results from time to time in Silliman's American Journal of Science and Arts. Starting with Henry's calorimotor for obtaining sparks and shocks, he developed an induction apparatus of greater intensity than Henry's. This he described in the Journal of January 1837, and it is recognized to be in principle, with Ruhmkorff's improvements, the induction coil of today. About this time, too, he devised the self-acting circuit breaker and appears to have been the first to apply it to produce the extreme alterations necessary in induction machines. He independently discovered, also, the remarkable effect produced by substituting bundles of iron wires for solid iron bars in induction coils.
Early in 1838, under Page's direction, all these discoveries were incorporated in a coil machine by Daniel Davis, Jr. , an instrument maker of Boston, Massachussets, who subsequently made and sold at a considerable profit many more machines similar to this original one. Page, however, did not receive any financial benefit.
In this same year he moved with his parents to Fairfax County, Virginia. Here he practised his profession for a time, and continued his electrical experiments, especially in the field of magneto-electricity, his chief object being to introduce electro-magnetism as a substitute, to a greater or less extent, for steam power. Being a man of moderate means, however, he could ill afford to devote his full time to this work, and in consequence his progress was rather slow. About 1841 he was made one of the two principal examiners in the United States Patent Office, and in 1844 accepted, in addition, the chair of chemistry in the medical department of Columbian College (now George Washington University). He was compelled, however, to relinquish this position in 1849 on account of the pressure of his duties in the Patent Office.
During this period his electrical work had definitely advanced, and by 1846 he had completed a small reciprocating electro-magnetic engine, having as its source of power the force with which the pole of an electro-magnet is drawn into its magnetizing helix. Three years later, as a result of a series of public lectures on electro-magnetism which he gave in Washington, attended by a special committee of the United States Senate, Page was granted a special Congressional appropriation to continue his work on a large scale. He built several large stationary reciprocating electro-magnetic engines of both the vertical and horizontal types; then, about 1850, began the construction of a locomotive having two of his electric engines. Upon its completion in 1851, it was tried out over a specially constructed track five miles long between Washington and Bladensburg, Maryland. The trial was not successful even though a speed of nineteen miles an hour was obtained, mainly because the electric batteries were incapable of furnishing the necessary current to operate the locomotive for any appreciable length of time.
In 1852 he resigned from the Patent Office and, in association with J. J. Greenough and Charles L. Fleischmann, established in Washington the American Polytechnic Journal, the first number of which appeared early in 1853. During the two years of its existence (1853 - 1854), Charles Grafton Page contributed many articles on electricity, including his History of Induction: The American Claim to the Induction Coil and its Electrostatic Developments, published in book form in 1867. He continued with his electrical experiments in his own laboratory and patented his design of a reciprocating electro-magnetic engine, receiving patent number 10, 480 on January 31, 1854. After the discontinuance of the American Polytechnic Journal, Page did not appear in any public capacity until 1861, when he again became examiner of patents in the Patent Office, a position he held for the remainder of his life. In this work he produced several new varieties, which he described in print and cuttings of which he furnished to rose growers both in the United States and abroad.
Charles Grafton Page was best known as a pioneer in electrical experiment. Among his many contributions were a self-acting circuit breaker and a primitive electric locomotive. One of the earliest electric motors was invented by him in 1838. His machine produced alternating current that was then converted into direct current by using a pole changer that he termed a "unitrep".
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
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On September 23, 1844 Charles Grafton Page married Priscilla Sewall Webster of Augusta, Maine. They had seven children.
