Background
He was the son of orientalist Jean Jacques Emmanuel Sédillot (1777–1832), and an older brother to historian Louis-Pierre-Eugène Sédillot.
He was the son of orientalist Jean Jacques Emmanuel Sédillot (1777–1832), and an older brother to historian Louis-Pierre-Eugène Sédillot.
Born in Paris, he studied surgery under Alexis Boyer and Philibert Joseph Roux.
In 1836 he became professor of operative surgery at Val-de-Grâce, followed by a professorship at Strasbourg five years later. Sedillot was a pioneer of urethrotomic and gastrotomic operations, and known for his work with dislocations and his treatment of pyaemia. He is credited with coining the term "microbe" (from micros "small" and bios "life").