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Charles was born on April 4, 1825 at New Albany, Indiana, United States, the son of James Read and Hannah (Woodruff) Shields, and grandson of Patrick Henry Shields. His paternal forebears, of Scottish descent, were settled for some time in Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia. His maternal ancestors, originally from Yorkshire, England, lived for several generations at Elizabeth, New Jersey.
He was prepared for college at the Newark Academy, graduated from the College of New Jersey in 1844, and from Princeton Theological Seminary in 1847.
For a time he lived in Brooklyn, supplying various pulpits, but on November 8, 1849, he was ordained to the Presbyterian ministry and became pastor of a church at Hempstead, Long Island. The year following he accepted a call to the Second Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, in the service of which he remained for fifteen years.
In 1861 he published a little book, Philosophia Ultima, which changed the course of his life. All his subsequent writing and lecturing was really an effort to substantiate the challenge uttered in the pages of that pamphlet. This project attracted much attention. Some of his wealthy friends in Philadelphia raised a fund to enable him to develop his idea in the free atmosphere of an undenominational college, and in 1865, he was made professor of the harmony of science and religion in the College of New Jersey, at Princeton.
His lectures were finished literary productions, and it was not long before they took shape as a book, The Final Philosophy (1877). This work was republished with two additional volumes under the title Philosophia Ultima (1888 - 1905). The title was misunderstood in some quarters, but a sentence in the preface explains it perfectly: "The construction of the final philosophy itself, it need scarcely be said, can only be the common work and reward of many minds through coming generations. "
He published in 1864, Liturgia Expurgata, or The Book of Common Prayer amended According to the Presbyterian Revision of 1661, and in 1893, the Presbyterian Book of Common Prayer.
Though he frequently conducted the plain religious services which were traditional in the college chapel, he found ritual more congenial, and on December 14, 1898, he was ordained deacon of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and on May 28, 1899, priest. He held his active professorship from 1865 to 1903, when he became professor emeritus. For thirteen years, 1869-82, he conducted courses in history, while continuing to lecture in philosophy.
He died at his summer home in Newport.
Charles Woodruff Shields was one of the last of that venerable band of clerical professors in the Eastern endowed colleges who were regarded as no less defenders of Christian orthodoxy than teachers of literature, philosophy, and science. He was well-known as the author of Philosophia Ultima, a manifesto which should fully reconcile science and Christian religion. His another fundamental work was The Final Philosophy (1877). He was professor emeritus in history and n philosophy for thirteen years.
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(This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of th...)
Believing that the credal statements of Christian orthodoxy were essentially the same in all those Protestant churches which have preserved historic continuity in doctrine and polity, Shields was devoted to the cause of reunion, and wrote many essays on the subject.
His two great ideals, the reconcilement of science with revealed religion, and the reunion of Protestantism on a basis of ancient practices, Shields pursued with a passion which could not be discouraged.
He was extremely serious, though mild, modest, and urbane. He was fair-minded and not at all contentious.
On November 22, 1848, he married Charlotte Elizabeth Bain of Galway, New York. His first wife died in 1853, and in 1861 he married Elizabeth Kane, of Philadelphia, sister of the Arctic explorer Elisha Kent Kane. He had two sons and a daughter; his second wife had died in 1869.
