Background
Stockard, Charles Rupert was born on February 27, 1879 in Washington Company, Mississippi, United States. Son of Doctor Richard Rupert and Ella Hyde (Fowlkes) Stockard.
Stockard, Charles Rupert was born on February 27, 1879 in Washington Company, Mississippi, United States. Son of Doctor Richard Rupert and Ella Hyde (Fowlkes) Stockard.
Bachelor of Science, Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanics College, 1899, Master of Science, 1901. Doctor of Philosophy, Columbia, 1906.
Doctor of Medicine, University of Würzburg, 1922.
Doctor of Science, University of Cincinnati, 1920. Studied Carnegie Institute Laboratory for Tropical Biology, Dry Tortugas, Florida.
Naples Zoöl. Station. Also visited chief zoöl. and anatomical laboratories of Europe.
In 1906, he joined the Department of Anatomy at Cornell Medical College. He became a professor of anatomy in 1911. He was the president of the American Association of Anatomists (1928–1930).
He spent years conducting experiments on the effects of alcohol on germ cells, embryos and offspring.
Stockard tested the effects of alcohol intoxication on the offspring of pregnant guinea pigs. He discovered that repeated alcohol intoxication in the guinea pigs produced defects and malformations in their offspring that was passed down to two or more generations.
His results were challenged by the biologist Raymond Pearl who performed the same experiments with chickens. Pearl discovered that the offspring of the chickens that had been exposed to alcohol were not defected but were healthy.
He attributed his findings to the detrimental effects of alcohol only on the eggs and sperm which were already weak, the strong eggs and sperm were unaffected by alcohol intoxication.
Pearl argued that his results had a Darwinian, not a Lamarckian explanation. Other controversial experiments by Stockard included producing teratology in fetuses by inducing hypoxia in the mother. He was the managing editor of American Journal of Anatomy and the coeditor of the Journal of Experimental Zoology.
Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (vice president 1933), New York Zoöl. Society, New York Academy of Medicine.
Married Mercedes Müller, of Munich, Germany, August 14, 1912. Children: Marie Louise, Richard Robert.