Clarence Belden Randall was an American lawyer and businessman.
Background
Clarence Belden Randall was born on March 5, 1891 in Newark Valley, New York, the son of Oscar Smith Randall, who ran a general store, and Esther Clara Belden. In 1906, Randall graduated as valedictorian of his five-member high school class.
Education
His mother, determined that Randall should be well educated, persuaded his father to move the family to Kingston, Pennsylvania, where Randall could attend Wyoming Seminary, a Methodist preparatory school. In 1908 she wrote to Charles Eliot, the president of Harvard, urging that a scholarship be awarded to Randall, which the university agreed to. The family moved to Cambridge, Massachussets, where his father worked as a coal salesman and Randall attended Harvard. Randall was elected to Phi Beta Kappa and received his B. A. in 1912 and his LL. B. from the Harvard Law School in 1915.
Career
Declining a position with the prestigious firm of Cadwalader, Wickersham, and Taft in New York City, Randall moved to Ishpeming, Michigan, to work in the law office of his cousin William P. Belden.
Randall was admitted to the Michigan bar in 1915. In May 1917 he enlisted in the army officers' training program, was commissioned a first lieutenant in August, and was posted to Camp Custer, Michigan, where he trained enlistees.
Ordered to France in July 1918, Randall served at the headquarters of the Thirty-fifth Division of the Allied Expeditionary Force. He was promoted to captain in February 1919 and was discharged that April. Returning to Ishpeming, Randall became a partner in the firm of Berg, Clancey and Randall. In 1925 the Inland Steel Company invited Randall to become assistant vice-president in charge of their iron mines, ore fleet, and coal properties.
For one year he also managed a steel-rolling mill for the company in Milwaukee. From 1930 until 1948 he was a vice-president and, from 1935 on, a member of Inland Steel's board of directors. Following a year's service as assistant to the president, Randall became president in 1949, and from 1953 to 1956 he served as chairman of the board and chief executive officer of the firm. Under his leadership, Inland Steel expanded its basic resources by acquiring extensive limestone, iron ore, and coal deposits. In the same period, Inland's capacity ranking among American steel firms went from eighth to seventh.
From 1946 to 1956, Randall sat as a member of the Industrial Conference Board.
Randall's public service began in 1948 as a steel consultant to the Economic Cooperation Administration in Paris.
From 1951 to 1957 he was a member of the Department of Commerce's Business Advisory Council. With the advent of the Eisenhower administration in 1953, Randall was repeatedly pressed into service because he championed freer world trade. He was sent on special economic missions to Turkey in 1953 and 1956, he chaired the Commission on Foreign Economic Policy from 1954 to 1956, and he served as special assistant to the president on foreign economic policy from 1956 to 1961. President John F. Kennedy appointed Randall special emissary to Ghana in connection with the Volta River project in 1961 and chair of the panel that reviewed federal pay schedules in 1962-1963.
Achievements
In 1963, Randall was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
During the steel disputes of 1952, he served as a spokesman for the steel industry. He served as Chairman of the Board of Inland Steel Company and as an advisor to Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy.
In the area of labor relations, Randall believed in corporate responsibility and collective bargaining. Critics dubbed the company's worker-welfare schemes "paternalism. " In dealing with the United Steelworkers of America, Randall believed it unfair for the federal government to intervene in the process so as to prevent strikes, particularly when federal fact finders came down on the side of the workers. When President Harry Truman seized most of the nation's steel plants to forestall a strike during the Korean War, industry leaders asked Randall to address the nation by radio on their behalf. The address, characteristically composed without the help of speech writers or public relations experts, was blunt and to the point: he described the president's action as simple repayment of a political debt to the unions. The speech briefly made Randall a national celebrity.
A conservative Republican in politics, Randall became an Eisenhower Republican after 1953.
In the business world he was regarded as moderately liberal, for he criticized business leaders as frequently as he did labor unions. He believed in the value of a liberal education rather than in specialized training, especially for business executives.
Randall sat on the board of trustees of the University of Chicago from 1936 to 1961 and was a member of the Harvard Board of Overseers from 1947 to 1953. Articulate and forceful with both the spoken and written word, and calm in debate, Randall was an effective spokesman for the causes in which he believed. Although Randall made his home in Winnetka, Illinois, after 1925, he maintained a summer cottage near Ishpeming, where he died.
Connections
On August 18, 1917, he married Emily Fitch Phelps; they had two children.