Background
Clark L. Hull was born in a country farmhouse near Akron, N. Y. , on May 24, 1884.
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
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(Excerpt from Quantitative Aspects of the Evolution of Con...)
Excerpt from Quantitative Aspects of the Evolution of Concepts: An Experimental Study The work began in 1912 with a year Of preliminary experi mentation in the Psychological Laboratory of the University of Michigan. This was continued the following year at the Eastern Kentucky State Normal Sch-001. In 1914 the work was trans ferred to the Psychological Laboratory Of the University Of Wis consin, where the problem and technique soon took on their final form and where the work was continued until the Spring Of 1918. A preliminary report containing a description of the gen eral technique and the results from a few subjects was submit ted to the University of Wisconsin as a Master's thesis in 1915. An abstract of this wor-k was also presented in a paper before the Chicago meeting Of the Psychological Association of that year, together with a demonstration Of an imperfect model Of the apparatus used. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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Clark L. Hull was born in a country farmhouse near Akron, N. Y. , on May 24, 1884.
He attended high school for a year in West Saginaw, Mich. , and the academy of Alma College. His education was interrupted by bouts of typhoid fever and poliomyelitis, giving him pause to consider possible vocational choices; he decided upon psychology. He then matriculated at the University of Michigan, took his bachelor's degree, and went on to the University of Wisconsin, receiving his doctorate in 1918.
Staying on at Wisconsin to teach, Hull was at first torn between two schools of psychological thought which prevailed at the time: early behaviorism and Gestalt psychology. He was not long in deciding in favor of the former. After an experimental project on the influence of tobacco smoking on mental and motor efficiency, Hull was offered the opportunity to teach a course in psychological tests and measurements. Gladly accepting it, he changed the name to "aptitude testing" and worked hard at developing it as a sound basis for vocational guidance. The material which he collected in this course was gathered into a book, Aptitude Testing (1928). Next, with the help of a grant from the National Research Council, he built a machine that automatically prepared the correlations he needed in his test-construction work. In 1929 Hull became a research professor of psychology at the Institute of Psychology at Yale University, later incorporated into the Institute of Human Relations. The next 10 years were filled with projects dealing not only with aptitude testing but with learning experiments, behavior theory, and hypnosis. As a representative of behaviorism, Hull fell into that school's neo behaviorist period of the 1930 and early 1940. His basic motivational concept was the "drive. " His quantitative system, based on stimulus-response reinforcement theory and using the concepts "drive reduction" and "intervening variables, " was highly esteemed by psychologists during the 19406 for its objectivity. Hull was probably the first psychologist to approach hypnosis with the quantitative methodology customarily used in experimental psychology. This combination of experimental methods and the phenomena provided by hypnosis yielded many appropriate topics for experimental problems by his students. Hypnosis and Suggestibility, the first extensive systematic investigation of hypnosis with experimental methods, was published in 1933, incorporating the earlier, and better, part of the hypnosis program that Hull had carried out at the University of Wisconsin. In 1940 Hull published, jointly with C. I. Hovland, R. T. Ross, M. Hall, D. T. Perkins, and F. B. Fitch, Mathematico-Deductive Theory of Rote Learning. Three years later his Principles of Behavior was published, followed by a revision of his theories in Essentials of Behavior (1951). Hull expressed learning theory in terms of quantification, by means of equations which he had derived from a method of scaling originally devised by L. L. Thurstone. In his last book, A Behavior System (1952), Hull applied his principles to the behavior of single organisms. His system stands as an important landmark in the history of theoretical psychology. He died in New Haven, Connecticut, on May 10, 1952.
(Excerpt from Quantitative Aspects of the Evolution of Con...)
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
Clark came to certain definite conclusions about psychology, and in 1930 he stated that psychology is a true natural science, that its primary laws are expressible quantitatively by means of ordinary equations, and that quantitative laws even for the behavior of groups as a whole could be derived from the same primary equations.
He was married Bertha Iutzi.