Background
Clay MacCauley was born on May 8, 1843 in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. Clay was the son of Isaac H. and Elizabeth (Maxwell) MacCauley. He was a descended from Scotch-Irish ancestors.
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The Seminole are a Native American people originally of Florida, and now residing in that state and in Oklahoma. The Seminole nation came into existence in the 18th century and was composed of Indians from Georgia, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, most significantly the Creek Nation, as well as African Americans who escaped from slavery in South Carolina and Georgia. While roughly 3,000 Seminoles were forced west of the Mississippi River, including the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma, who picked up new members along their way, approximately 300-500 Seminoles stayed and fought in and around the Everglades of Florida. In a series of wars against the Seminoles in Florida, about 1,500 U.S. soldiers died. The Seminoles never surrendered to the U.S. government; hence, the Seminoles of Florida call themselves the "Unconquered People." The Seminoles are the only American Indian tribe never to sign a formal peace treaty with the United States
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clergyman Missionary publicist
Clay MacCauley was born on May 8, 1843 in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. Clay was the son of Isaac H. and Elizabeth (Maxwell) MacCauley. He was a descended from Scotch-Irish ancestors.
MacCauley early decided to join the Presbyterian ministry, and at fourteen began his studies by reading aloud from books on science, theology, and philosophy to a blind pastor who repaid him with lessons in the classics. At sixteen, he entered the sophomore class at Dickinson College, but after hearing Lincoln speak at Harrisburg withdrew from college to enlist.
This enlistment was canceled because the lad was still a minor, and MacCauley transferred to the College of New Jersey (Princeton). He enlisted again in 1862, suffered a wound in the knee at Fredericksburg, was promoted to a second lieutenancy in February 1863, was captured by "Stonewall" Jackson, and, on his twentieth birthday, was committed to Libby Prison. He was paroled home, re-entered the college at Princeton, and after graduating in 1864 joined the United States Christian Commission, in which he served until the conclusion of the Civil War.
He then enrolled at Western Theological Seminary, Allegheny, Pennsylvania, and, on the removal of his parents to Illinois, transferred to the Presbyterian Theological Seminary of the Northwest (later McCormick), from which he was graduated in 1867.
As a licentiate of the Old School Presbytery of Chicago, he began his first charge, at Morrison, Illinois. His liberal views, however, aroused opposition to his ordination which caused him to refuse a call to continue in the Morrison pastorate and led to the revocation of his license to preach. In 1868, at the urgent suggestion of Charles Carroll Everett and Robert Collyer, he entered the Unitarian ministry.
After serving charges in Detroit, Rochester, and Waltham, Massachussets, he resigned in 1873 to study philosophy and theology at Heidelberg and Leipzig. He returned to America in 1875, and from 1877 to 1880 was pastor of the First Unitarian (now All Souls') Church, Washington, D. C. Resigning this charge because of ill health, he was commissioned by the United States Bureau of American Ethnology to study the Indian tribes east of the Mississippi. His report on "The Seminole Indians of Florida" was published in the Bureau's Fifth Annual Report, 1883-84 (1887).
He also deposited in the Bureau's archives an extensive list of Seminole words and phrases and an analysis of the Seminole verb construction. After visits to the south of Europe and the American Northwest, he settled in Minnesota, where from 1883 to 1889, he gave his time to preaching, writing, and lecturing. During part of this period (1885 - 86) he was pastor in St. Paul, and during part, was editor of the Minneapolis Commercial Bulletin.
After the death of his wife, in April 1887, he applied for foreign-missionary service, and from 1889 until his retirement in 1920 was a member or director of the Unitarian mission in Japan. His furlough years, a brief intermission from 1901 to 1904, and the period from his retirement until his death, from abscess of the stomach, at Berkeley, California, were all spent in lecturing and in writing for the promotion of better relations between the United States and Japan.
In addition to his missionary work in Tokyo, he edited the Japanese Unitarian magazine, Sh05kyo ("Religion") from 1890 to 1895, and, during much of his residence in Japan was correspondent for the Boston Transcript. He was vice president and acting president of the Asiatic Society of Japan, 1910-16; vice president of the International Press Association, a Tokyo journalists' club, 1915-16; president of the American Peace Society of Japan, 1916-19.
From the days of his postgraduate study in Germany, he had been influenced by the philosophy of Krause, and his last considerable publication was a pamphlet, Karl Christian Friedrich Krause: Heroic Pioneer for Thought and Life, A Memorial Record, issued in the spring of 1925.
Throughout his career, MacCauley was a prolific writer. In 1897, he contributed an article on Japanese literature to the Library of the World's Best Literature, edited by Charles Dudley Warner, and in 1899 he published, with an introduction, a translation of the Japanese classic Hyaku-nin-issiu, or "Single Songs of a Hundred Poets". He was twice decorated by the Emperor, being awarded the Order of the Rising Sun in 1909, and the Order of the Sacred Treasure in 1918, and in 1920 he received the Red Cross Service badge.
(Excerpt from An Introductory Course in Japanese With the...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
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(The Seminole are a Native American people originally of F...)
(This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of th...)
In 1867, MacCauley married Annie Cleveland Deane, daughter of Dr. Josiah and Annie (Everett) Deane of Bangor, Maine.