Background
Clemens Herschel was born on March 23, 1842 in Vienna, Austria, and spent his boyhood in Davenport, Iowa.
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Clemens Herschel was born on March 23, 1842 in Vienna, Austria, and spent his boyhood in Davenport, Iowa.
Prepared by a tutor, Clemens entered the Lawrence Scientific School of Harvard University at sixteen, graduating with distinction in 1860, receiving his bachelor of science degree from the Lawrence Scientific School. After Harvard, he completed post-graduate studies in France and Germany. He wished then to attend the École des Ponts et Chaussées in Paris, but since the quota of foreign students there was filled, he went instead to the Carlsruhe Technical School, where he completed the course in 1863.
Returning to the United States, Clemens Herschel established his headquarters in Boston, and engaged in diverse works of engineering, including roads, drainage, roofs, and bridges. He was engineer of the Quinnipiac drawbridge in New Haven, 1874-1878, and in 1875 he published Continuous Revolting Drawbridges: Principles of Construction and Calculation of Strains. He abandoned bridge engineering in 1879, however, because he saw in its future the survival only of the large bridge companies in which the individual engineer was obscured. Not wishing to become a mere “cog in a wheel, ” as he expressed it, he turned his attention to hydraulics where he could be more independent, and accepted employment with the Holyoke Water Power Company at Holyoke, Massachusetts. In this field, under James B. Francis, to whom he later referred as “my former master, ” Herschel found his proper milieu. He soon became chief engineer at Holyoke. In this capacity he rebuilt the early-type wooden dam of the Holyoke Company across the Connecticut River.
Herschel left Holyoke in 1899 to become chief engineer of the East Jersey Water Company. His service there continued until 1900, during which time he built works providing a large additional water supply for Newark, New Jsersey, and nearby places. He was the author of 115 Experiments on the Carrying Capacity of Large, Riveted Metal Conduits (1897). After 1900 he engaged in consulting engineering practice. Among his engagements, some of which antedated this year, were those with the power companies at Niagara Falls and with the City of New York in relation to the water tunnel and aqueduct for the Catskill supply.
In 1899 Herschel published a translation of The Two Books on the Water Supply of the City of Rome by Sextus Julius Frontinus, water commissioner of the Imperial City in 97 A. D. , who recorded in these books a history and description of the water supply and the famous aqueducts and a statement of his interpretation of hydraulic principles. The translation was made with the help of French and German versions from the Latin manuscript copy which Herschel located in the Benedictine monastery of Monte Cassino, Italy, and of which he had photographic reproductions made. In his study of the work of Frontinus he scored earlier French and German translators for their “unfounded but grandiloquent” estimates of the carrying capacities of the Roman aqueducts.
Herschel advocated the association of purchasers of hydraulic equipment for the purpose of testing the many articles offered under various names, in order to promote scientific buying. His name was ever prominent in the discussions of papers before the American Society of Civil Engineers on the side of thorough search for truth. With halfway studies, with promises loosely assumed, he had no sympathy, and he was outspoken in his attack upon them.
As if to plead his age and seek release from exacting professional duties, Herschel caused the word “retired” to be inserted below his name on his letterhead in the last few years of his life. To the end, however, he maintained a vigorous interest in public affairs, particularly in those that affected engineering. He died shortly before the close of his eighty-eighth year at his home in Glen Ridge, New Jersey.
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( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
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Clemens Herschel was an honorary member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, the Boston Society of Civil Engineers, the Institution of Civil Engineers (London).
Herschel married Grace D. Hobart of Boston in 1869. She died in 1898, and in 1910 he married Jeannette B. Hunter of Thompsonville, Conn. Two sons and a daughter were born of his first marriage and one son of his second.