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Daniel Alexander Payne was an American bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. He was also a president of Wilberforce University.
Background
Daniel Alexander Payne was born on February 24, 1811 in Charleston, Charleston County, South Carolina, United States. He was the son of London and Martha Payne, who were free persons of color. His parents having died before he was ten years old, he was cared for by relatives.
Education
For two years Daniel Alexander Payne attended a local Minor's Moralist Society School established by free colored men. He next studied under Thomas Bonneau, a private tutor, and not only mastered English and mathematics but made himself conversant with Greek, Latin, and French.
Career
Apprenticed first to a shoemaker and later to a tailor, Daniel Alexander Payne also worked for four years in a carpenter's shop, of which his brother-in-law was foreman. In 1826 he joined the Methodist Episcopal Church and three years later opened a school for colored children, which in a short while became the most successful institution of its kind in Charleston. It flourished until the South Carolina legislature passed a law, on December 17, 1834, imposing a fine and whipping on free persons of color who kept schools to teach slaves or free negroes to read or write. Obliged to discontinue his school, Payne on May 9, 1835, left Charleston for Pennsylvania, where he entered the Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg. There he supported himself by blacking boots, waiting at table, and doing other menial tasks. In 1837 he was licensed to preach and in 1839 was ordained by the Franckean Synod of the Lutheran Church.
Daniel Alexander Payne accepted a call to a Presbyterian church in East Troy, New York, but in 1840 moved to Philadelphia, where he opened a school. In 1841 he joined the African Methodist Episcopal Church and in 1842 was received as a preacher at the Philadelphia Conference of that denomination. After serving as a traveling preacher he was appointed to the Israel Church in Washington, D. C. In 1845 he was transferred to Baltimore, Maryland, where he was pastor of Bethel Church. Chosen historiographer of the African Methodist Episcopal Church in 1848, he traveled extensively in the United States searching for materials. In May 1852 he was elected bishop. As such he exerted himself to raise the cultural standard of the communicants of the denomination by promoting the formation of church literary societies and debating lyceums.
During the Civil War he pleaded with Lincoln and other prominent men for the emancipation of the slaves. Without a dollar in hand, on March 10, 1863, he had the temerity to purchase Wilberforce University, an Ohio institution established by the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1856 for the education of colored youths, to which many natural children of slave holders had been sent prior to the War. He was its president for thirteen years. On the day Lincoln was assassinated the main building of the institution was burned. This loss increased the financial burden he had to assume, but during his administration he was instrumental in securing more than $92, 000. The enrollment of students also increased greatly. In 1867 he visited Europe for the first time. A delegate to the first Ecumenical Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, held in London, England, Payne on September 13, 1881, read a paper on Methodism and Temperance, impressing all by his dignified manners. He also took part in the Parliament of Religions, held in 1893 during the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago.
After his retirement from Wilberforce, Daniel Alexander Payne devoted himself to writing and to a continuance of his unrelenting fight against the illiteracy of the colored Methodist ministers. Daniel Alexander Payne died on November 29, 1893.
Achievements
Daniel Alexander Payne was an eminent clergyman. He had served the African Methodist Episcopal Church for more than fifty years. As author, Payne was best known for his publications such as The Semi-Centenary of the African Methodist Episcopal Church in the U. S. of America (1866), A Treatise on Domestic Education (1885), Recollections of Seventy Years (1888), The History of the A. M. E. Church from 1816 to 1856 (1891).
Daniel Alexander Payne was of a light brown complexion and below the average height. Very thin and emaciated and weighing only one hundred pounds, he looked like a consumptive. He had sharp features, an intellectual forehead, keen, penetrating eyes, and a shrill voice.
Connections
In 1847 Daniel Alexander Payne was married to Mrs. Julia A. Ferris, daughter of William Becraft of Georgetown, D. C. She died within a year thereafter, and in 1853 he married Mrs. Eliza J. Clark.