Background
Strauss was born on January 27, 1808 in Ludwigsburg, Germany.
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Strauss was born on January 27, 1808 in Ludwigsburg, Germany.
In his thirteenth year Strauss was sent to the evangelical seminary at Blaubeuren, near Ulm, to be prepared for the study of theology. In 1825 Strauss passed from school to the university of Tubingen. In October 1831, Strauss resigned his office to study under Schleiermacher and Hegel in Berlin. Hegel died just as he arrived, and though Strauss regularly attended Schleiermacher's lectures, it was only those on the life of Jesus that interested him.
In 1830, Strauss became an assistant to a country clergyman, and nine months later, he accepted the post of professor in the Evangelical Seminaries of Maulbronn and Blaubeuren, where he would teach Latin, history and Hebrew.
In 1832, Strauss returned to Tübingen, lecturing on logic, Plato, the history of philosophy and ethics with great success. But in the autumn of 1833 he resigned this position in order to devote all his time to the completion of his Das Leben Jesu, published when he was 27 years old. Strauss's Das Leben Jesu was a sensation. While not denying that Jesus existed, Strauss did argue that the miracles in the New Testament were mythical additions with little basis in actual fact. When Strauss was elected to a chair of theology in the University of Zürich, the appointment provoked such a storm of controversy that the authorities decided to pension him before he began his duties. What made Das Leben Jesu so controversial was Strauss's characterization of the miraculous elements in the gospels as being "mythical" in character. In analysing the Bible in terms of self-coherence and paying attention to numerous contradictions, he rejected the actuality of the stories as "happenings" and read them solely on a mythic level. According to Strauss, the early church developed these miracle stories in order to present Jesus as the Messiah of the Jewish prophecies. This perspective was in opposition to the prevailing views of the time: rationalism, which explained the miracles as credulous misinterpretations of non-supernatural events, and the supernaturalist view that the biblical accounts were entirely accurate.
In 1840 and the following year Strauss published his Christliche Glaubenslehre (On Christian Doctrine) in two volumes. The main principle of this new work was that the history of Christian doctrines has basically been the history of their disintegration. With the publication of his Christliche Glaubenslehre, Strauss took leave of theology for over twenty years. Strauss resumed his literary activity by the 1847 publication in Mannheim of Der Romantiker auf dem Thron der Cäsaren ("A Romantic on the Throne of the Caesars"), in which he drew a satirical parallel between Julian the Apostate and Frederick William IV of Prussia. In 1848 he was nominated a member of the Frankfurt Parliament, but was defeated by Christoph Hoffmann (1815–1885). He was elected for the Württemberg chamber, but his actions were so conservative that his constituents requested him to resign his seat. He forgot his political disappointments in the production of a series of biographical works, which secured for him a permanent place in German literature (Schubarts Leben, 1849; Christian Märklin, 1851; Nikodemus Frischlin, 1855; Ulrich von Hutten, 1858-1860).
Strauss returned to theology in 1862, when he published a biography of H. S. Reimarus. His Der Christus des Glaubens und der Jesus der Geschichte (The Christ of Faith and the Jesus of History, 1865) is a severe criticism of Schleiermacher's lectures on the life of Jesus, which were then first published. From 1865 to 1872 Strauss lived in Darmstadt, and in 1870 he published his lectures on Voltaire. His last work, Der alte und der neue Glaube (1872), produced almost as great a sensation as his Life of Jesus, and not least amongst Strauss's own friends, who wondered at his one-sided view of Christianity and his professed abandonment of spiritual philosophy for the materialism of modern science. To the fourth edition of the book he added an Afterword as Foreword (Nachwort als Vorwort) (1873). Soon thereafter, Strauss fell ill, and he died in Ludwigsburg on February 8, 1874.
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Member of Württemberg chamber
In August 1841, Strauss married Agnese Schebest (1813-1869), a cultivated and beautiful mezzo-soprano of high repute as an opera singer. Five years afterwards, after two children had been born, they divorced.