Background
Zeisberger was born on April 11, 1721 in Suchdol nad Odrou, Czech Republic, the son of David and Rosina Zeisberger of Zauchtenthal, Moravia. His family migrated to Herrnhut, Saxony, in 1727, and to Georgia in 1736.
(This book, "A Collection of Hymns For the Use of the Dela...)
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(Essay of a Delaware-Indian and English Spelling-Book - Fo...)
Essay of a Delaware-Indian and English Spelling-Book - For the use of the schools of the Christian Indians on Muskingum River is an unchanged, high-quality reprint of the original edition of 1776. Hansebooks is editor of the literature on different topic areas such as research and science, travel and expeditions, cooking and nutrition, medicine, and other genres. As a publisher we focus on the preservation of historical literature. Many works of historical writers and scientists are available today as antiques only. Hansebooks newly publishes these books and contributes to the preservation of literature which has become rare and historical knowledge for the future.
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(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
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Zeisberger was born on April 11, 1721 in Suchdol nad Odrou, Czech Republic, the son of David and Rosina Zeisberger of Zauchtenthal, Moravia. His family migrated to Herrnhut, Saxony, in 1727, and to Georgia in 1736.
Zeisberger was schooled in Herrnhut.
Zeisberger was indentured to an importer in Herrndyk, Holland, whence he ran away to London because he resented an unjust punishment. Here Count Zinzendorf took him in hand and persuaded Governor Oglethorpe to send him to Savannah to join the Moravian colony. With this group he left Georgia in 1739 for Pennsylvania and was present on Christmas Eve in 1741 when Zinzendorf christened Bethlehem. In 1745 Zeisberger and Christian Frederick Post were invited to live in the lodge of Chief Hendrick of the Iroquois that they might learn the Maqua (Onondaga) dialect, but the agitation against Germans in New York resulted in their arrest and imprisonment. Through the influence of Governor Thomas of Pennsylvania and of Conrad Weiser, they were released in order to take part in Indian negotiations then pending. At once Zeisberger, Weiser, and Bishop A. G. Spangenberg hastened to Onondaga to attend a Long House, at which, on June 20, they assisted in arranging the treaty that allied the Six Nations with the English. From this time until his death over sixty years later Zeisberger was constantly involved in the complicated politics of the frontier resulting from the long-continued struggle between France and Great Britain. While his knowledge of Indian habits and tongues made him invaluable in conferences, his mind and heart were centered upon the lives of the red men and the process of making them useful members of society. Between 1745 and 1763 he spent a total of more than ten years in the lodges of the Six Nations, loved and admired by their leaders, and, like Sir William Johnson, initiated into some of their tribes. His intimate contact with these confederated friends of the English convinced him that the best means of assuring the safety of the whites lay in ameliorating the savagery of the Delawares and cognate tribes, who for years had been sullenly resentful of their conquest by the Iroquois and as a consequence were prone to yield to the seductive influence of the French. In 1763 he lived with the Delawares in the Wyoming Valley, assisting them in the building of the village of Friedenshütten. When colonial policies gradually pushed them westward, he followed them in their trek through the wilds of upper Pennsylvania. So effective was his contact with them that when in 1771 they entered the Ohio area he was able to establish a self-supporting Christian Indian settlement at Schoenbrunn in the Tuscarawas Valley. Here Zeisberger erected the first church building and schoolhouse west of the Ohio River, surrounding it with the log-cabins and cornfields of the converts. Within three years Gnadenhütten, Salem, and Lichtenau near by were centers of similar life, and it seemed that the process of making the Indian a useful member of colonial society had well begun. In 1781 Zeisberger and his assistant J. G. E. Heckewelder were taken as prisoners to Detroit and the Schoenbrunn colony was scattered along the shores of Lake Erie. After a searching examination by the British governor the missionaries were acquitted as neutrals, but, dreading the hatred and fear of the whites, the Christian Indians gradually abandoned their old villages and settled in small groups near Detroit and on the Thames in Canada. This change of base was not accomplished without stain of blood, however. In March 1782 Simon Girty and a band of white settlers led by Captain Williamson inveigled the unsuspecting inhabitants of Gnadenhütten into their cabins and massacred them all. From 1782 to 1786 Zeisberger lived with a group of the converts at (New) Gnadenhütten, in what is now Michigan; from 1786 to 1798 he helped establish settlements at New Salem, Ohio, and Fairfield, Canada. In 1798 he settled with a remnant of his "brown brethren" at Goshen, Ohio, whence, after his death in 1808, they once more took up the long trek, this time to Kansas. When he died he had lived among the red men for sixty-two years, and he is said to have acquired not only their speech, but also their taciturnity and their habits of thought and action. In the course of his career he published Essay of a Delaware-Indian and English Spelling-Book (1776), A Collection of Hymns for the Use of the Christian Indians of the Missions of the United Brethren in North America (1803); Sermons to Children (1803), in the Delaware tongue, containing also "Something of Bodily Care for Children".
(Essay of a Delaware-Indian and English Spelling-Book - Fo...)
(This book, "A Collection of Hymns For the Use of the Dela...)
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
At the age of sixty, June 4, 1781, Zeisberger married Susan Lecron of Lititz, Pennsylvania, who became his sturdy support in the dwindling work. They had no children.