Career
1903-1913 assistant stage director, then stage director at theaters in Nizhniy Novgorod, Khar’kov, Kiev, Kazan’, et cetera Helped sponsor movement for establishment of theaters of miniatures in Russia and produced reviews at these theaters. During World War 1 directed Mamon and Petrine Theaters of Miniatures, Moscow.
1917-1919 directed Free Theater, Voronezh Province Education Department. 1926-1929 leading stage director, Moscow Satire Theater. Stage director, Leningrad Satire Theater.
Also staged music hall shows. 1924-1929 stage director, Moscow Operetta Theater. 1941 founded Yastrebok frontline theater.