Education
In 1893 he attended the General Staff Academy.
In 1893 he attended the General Staff Academy.
In World War I, he commanded the 12th Army from 20 July to 9 September 1917 and the 3rd Army from 9 September 1917 to 8 November 1917. He was the first battle-experienced Tsarist General to offer his services to the Red Army, explaining his viewpoint thus "I am far from this Bolshevism you preach. But I am ready to work honourably not only with them, but with anyone, even the Devil and his disciples, if only to save Russia from German slavery." During the Russian Civil War, he first was commander of the Narva Front and later of the entire Northern Front.
He died of typhus in 1921.
Order of Saint Stanislaus, 3rd class (1896); Order of Saint Anne 3rd class (1900); Order of Saint Stanislaus, 2nd class (1903); Order of Saint Anne, 2nd class with swords (1906); Order of Saint Vladimir, 4th class with swords and bow (1906); Order of Saint Vladimir, 3rd class (1909, 31 January 1910); Order of Saint Stanislaus, 1st class (6 December 1913) Order of Saint George, 4th class (2 June 1915) Gold Sword for Bravery (1916).